Abstract
Female urethral reconstruction encompasses a variety of different entities including female urethral stricture (FUS), female urethral diverticulum (FUD), and vesicovaginal fistula (VVF). Although very different in their etiologies, they all have in common a vague and nonspecific onset of symptoms and, usually, a delayed diagnosis. Once identified and evaluated, urologists must review management options with the patient which range from minimally invasive procedures to complex reconstructive surgeries. In complicated cases, we recommend referral to an experienced specialized center for definitive management.
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Alvarez de Toledo, I. (2023). Female Urethral Reconstruction. In: Martins, F.E., Holm, H.V., Sandhu, J.S., McCammon, K.A. (eds) Female Genitourinary and Pelvic Floor Reconstruction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19598-3_48
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19598-3_48
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