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Endoscopic Evaluation

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Female Genitourinary and Pelvic Floor Reconstruction

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Abstract

Cystoscopy is a basic urologic skill necessary for the endoscopic evaluation of the lower urinary tract, specifically the urethra and bladder. It is one of the most important diagnostic tools used by urologists to evaluate the lower urinary tract. It is relatively simple and can be performed under local anesthesia as an office procedure in numerous cases, or in the operating room under general anesthesia. There are essentially two types of cystoscopies: rigid (used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes) and flexible (mostly used for diagnostic purposes). It is a very useful means of diagnosis for numerous urologic conditions, and it also has a therapeutic role when needed. Indications for cystoscopy may range from major health-threatening conditions such as bladder cancer or severe hematuria to milder, bothersome conditions such as micturition problems, bladder stones, recurrent lower urinary tract infections, and bladder pain syndrome. This is a simple procedure that every urologist should be able to perform as part of their clinical routine practice, either for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Reconstructive Urology Unit, School of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria, CHULN, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Francisco E. Martins

  2. Urology Division, Armed Forces Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal

    Natalia Martins

  3. Urology Division, Rivne Regional Hospital, Rivne, Ukraine

    Liliya Tryfonyuk

  4. Urology Division, Hospital Sotero Del Rio, Santiago, Chile

    José Bernal Riquelme

Authors
  1. Francisco E. Martins
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  2. Natalia Martins
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  3. Liliya Tryfonyuk
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  4. José Bernal Riquelme
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Francisco E. Martins

  2. University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Henriette Veiby Holm

  3. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Jaspreet S. Sandhu

  4. Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA

    Kurt A McCammon

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Martins, F.E., Martins, N., Tryfonyuk, L., Riquelme, J.B. (2023). Endoscopic Evaluation. In: Martins, F.E., Holm, H.V., Sandhu, J.S., McCammon, K.A. (eds) Female Genitourinary and Pelvic Floor Reconstruction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19598-3_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19598-3_11

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-19597-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-19598-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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