Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems contain some of the world’s most diverse environments, and their soundscapes are often teeming with sounds from a wealth of biological sources. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is an increasingly accessible technique that offers an unprecedented, non-extractive means to “observe” these habitats, many of which are too deep, dark, turbid, or remote to sample easily with other methods. Applications to assist analysis of PAM data already exist (e.g., reference libraries, data portals, discussion forums), machine learning code is increasingly more available, and citizen science programs are broadening public interest in underwater sound. However, individually, these resources do not realize their full potential. To help address this limitation, a working group for a Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds (GLUBS) has proposed an open-access web-based single-point-of-contact platform to integrate and expand these applications to help broaden and standardize scientific and community knowledge of underwater soundscapes and their contributing sources. This paper presents a summary of a meeting of the GLUBS working group that was held at “The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life, 2022,” including some of the core values, initial targets, points for design, data management issues, and potential avenues for stakeholder engagement.
References
Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) Underwater Passive Acoustic Monitoring for Remote Regions (2007). A workshop of research scientists, technology developers, and resource managers. In, Coconut Island, Hawaii, 7–9 Feb 2007. Alliance for Coastal Technologies Ref. No. ACT-07-02. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
Bianco MJ, Gerstoft P, Traer J, Ozanich E, Roch MA, Gannot S, Deledalle CA (2019) Machine learning in acoustics: theory and applications. J Acoust Soc Am 146:3590–3628. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.5133944
Bolgan M, Parmentier E (2020) The unexploited potential of listening to deep-sea fish. Fish Fish 21:1238–1252. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12493
Bolgan M, Gervaise C, Iorio LD, Lossent J, Lejeune P, Raick X, Parmentier E (2020) Fish biophony in a Mediterranean submarine canyon. J Acoust Soc Am 147:2466–2477. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001101
Caiger PE et al (2020) A decade of monitoring Atlantic cod Gadus morhua spawning aggregations in Massachusetts Bay using passive acoustics. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 635:89–103. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13219
Cato DH (1978) Marine biological choruses observed in tropical waters near Australia. J Acoust Soc Am 64:736–743. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.382038
Chapuis L, Williams B, Gordon TAC, Simpson SD (2021) Low-cost action cameras offer potential for widespread acoustic monitoring of marine ecosystems. Ecol Indic 129:107957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107957
Costello MJ et al (2013) Global coordination and standardisation in marine biodiversity through the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) and related databases. PLoS One 8:20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051629
Darras KFA et al (2022) Worldwide Soundscapes project meta-data (1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7415473
Di Iorio L, Audax M, Deter J, Holon F, Lossent J, Gervaise C, Boissery P (2021) Biogeography of acoustic biodiversity of NW Mediterranean coralligenous reefs. Sci Rep 11:16991. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96378-5
Duarte CM et al (2021) The soundscape of the Anthropocene Ocean. Science 371:eaba4658. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba4658
Erisman BE, Rowell TJ (2017) A sound worth saving: acoustic characteristics of a massive fish spawning aggregation. Biol Lett 13:20170656. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0656
Farina A, Gage SH, Salutari P (2018) Testing the ecoacoustics event detection and identification (EEDI) approach on Mediterranean soundscapes. Ecol Indic 85:698–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.10.073
Fornwall M (2000) Planning for OBIS: examining relationships with existing national and international biodiversity information systems. Oceanography 13:31–38
Frasier KE (2021) A machine learning pipeline for classification of cetacean echolocation clicks in large underwater acoustic datasets. PLoS Comput Biol 17:26. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009613
Frazao F, Padovese B, Kirsebom OS (2020) Workshop report: detection and classification in marine bioacoustics with deep learning. arxiv 2002.08249. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2002.08249
Froese R, Pauly D (eds) (2022) FishBase. Available at: http://www.fishbase.org, version (08/2022)
Gordon TAC et al (2018) Habitat degradation negatively affects auditory settlement behavior of coral reef fishes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:5193–5198. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719291115
Greenhalgh JA, Genner MJ, Jones G, Desjonquères C (2020) The role of freshwater bioacoustics in ecological research. Wiley Interdiscip Rev-Water 7:e1416. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1416
Havlik MN, Predragovic M, Duarte CM (2022) State of play in marine soundscape assessments. Front Mar Sci 9:11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.919418
Hirschberg J, Manning CD (2015) Advances in natural language processing. Science 349(6245):261–266. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa8685
International Organization for Standardization (2014) Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 1: definition and conceptual framework (ISO Standard Number 12913-1:2014). www.iso.org/standard/52161.html
Kahl S, Wood CM, Eibl M, Klinck H (2021) BirdNET: a deep learning solution for avian diversity monitoring. Ecol Informat 61:101236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101236
Lamont TAC et al (2022a) The sound of recovery: coral reef restoration success is detectable in the soundscape. J Appl Ecol 59:742–756. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14089
Lamont TAC et al (2022b) HydroMoth: testing a prototype low-cost acoustic recorder for aquatic environments. Remote Sens Ecol Conserv 8:362–378. https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.249
Lauha P, Somervuo P, Lehikoinen P, Geres L, Richter T, Seibold S, Ovaskainen O (2022) Domain-specific neural networks improve automated bird sound recognition already with small amount of local data. Methods Ecol Evol 13:2799–2810. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.14003
Lin T-H, Chen C, Watanabe HK, Kawagucci S, Yamamoto H, Akamatsu T (2019) Using soundscapes to assess deep-sea benthic ecosystems. Trends Ecol Evol 34:1066–1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2019.09.006
Lin T-H, Akamatsu T, Sinniger F, Harii S (2021a) Exploring coral reef biodiversity via underwater soundscapes. Biol Conserv 253:108901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108901
Lin TH, Akamatsu T, Tsao Y (2021b) Sensing ecosystem dynamics via audio source separation: a case study of marine soundscapes off northeastern Taiwan. PLoS Comput Biol 17:23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008698
Lindseth A, Lobel P (2018) Underwater soundscape monitoring and fish bioacoustics: a review. Aust Fish 3:36. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes3030036
Linke S et al (2018) Freshwater ecoacoustics as a tool for continuous ecosystem monitoring. Front Ecol Environ 16:231–238. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1779
Looby A, Cox K, Bravo S, Rountree R, Juanes F, Reynolds LK, Martin CW (2022) A quantitative inventory of global soniferous fish diversity. Rev Fish Biol Fish 32:581–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-022-09702-1
Looby A et al (2023a) FishSounds Version 1.0: a website for the compilation of fish sound production information and recordings. Ecol Informat 74:101953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101953
Looby A et al (2023b) Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery Sci. Data 10(1):892. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4
Looby A, Cox K, Bravo S, Rountree R, Juanes F, Riera A, Vela S, Davies HL, Reynolds LK, Martin CW (2023c) Fish sound production research: historical practices and ongoing challenges. Effects of noise on aquatic life: principles and practical considerations. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10417-6_92-1
McCauley RD (2001) Biological Sea noise in Northern Australia: patterns of fish calling. James Cook University
Mellinger DK, Clark CW (2006) MobySound: a reference archive for studying automatic recognition of marine mammal sounds. Appl Acoust 67:1226–1242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.06.002
Mellinger DK, Stafford KM, Moore SE, Dziak RP, Matsumoto H (2007) An overview of fixed passive acoustic observation methods for cetaceans. Oceanography 20:36–45
Merchant ND, Fristrup KM, Johnson MP, Tyack PL, Witt MJ, Blondel P, Parks SE (2015) Measuring acoustic habitats. Methods Ecol Evol 6:257–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12330
Miksis-Olds JL et al (2021) Ocean sound analysis software for making ambient noise trends accessible (MANTA). Front Mar Sci 8:703650. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.703650
Mooney TA et al (2020) Listening forward: approaching marine biodiversity assessments using acoustic methods. R Soc Open Sci 7:201287. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201287
Ocean Networks Canada (2021) Ocean Networks Canada SoundCloud. https://soundcloud.com/oceannetworkscanada. Accessed 21 Oct 2021
Open Portal to Underwater Soundscapes (OPUS) (2022) accessible at https://opus.aq; CC-BY 4.0 Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research 2023
Parsons MJG (2010) An investigation into active and passive acoustic techniques to study aggregating fish species. Ph.D. Dissertation, Curtin University
Parsons MJ, McCauley RD, Mackie MC, Siwabessy P, Duncan AJ (2009) Localization of individual mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) within a spawning aggregation and their behaviour throughout a diel spawning period. ICES J Mar Sci 66:1007–1014. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp016
Parsons MJG, McCauley RD, Mackie MC, Duncan AJ (2010) A comparison of techniques for ranging close-proximity mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) calls with a single hydrophone. Acoust Aust 38:145–151
Parsons MJG, McCauley RD, Mackie MC (2013) Characterisation of mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus advertisement sounds. Acoust Aust 41:196–201
Parsons MJG, Erbe C, McCauley R, McWilliam J, Marley S, Gavrilov A, Parnum I (2016) Long-term monitoring of soundscapes and deciphering a usable index: examples of fish choruses from Australia. Proc Meetings Acoust Soc Am 27(1):010023
Parsons MJG et al (2022) Sounding the call for a global library of biological underwater sounds. Front Ecol Evol 10:810156. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.810156
Pijanowski BC et al (2011) Soundscape ecology: the science of sound in the landscape. Bioscience 61:203–216. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.3.6
Potamitis I (2014) Automatic classification of a taxon-rich community recorded in the wild. PLoS One 9:e96936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096936
Richardson JV (2006) The library and information economy in Turkmenistan. IFLA J 32:131–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035206066410
Rountree RA, Aguzzi J, Marini S, Fanelli E, De Leo FC, Del Rio J, Juanes F (2020a) Towards an optimal design for ecosystem-level ocean observatories. In: Hawkins SJ et al (eds) Oceanography and marine biology: an annual review, Oceanography and marine biology, vol 58. CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 79–105
Rountree RA, Juanes F, Bolgan M (2020b) Temperate freshwater soundscapes: a cacophony of undescribed biological sounds now threatened by anthropogenic noise. PLoS One 15:e0221842. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221842
Rowell TJ, Demer DA, Aburto-Oropeza O, Cota-Nieto JJ, Hyde JR, Erisman BE (2017) Estimating fish abundance at spawning aggregations from courtship sound levels. Sci Rep 7:3340. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03383-8
Rowell TJ, D'Spain GL, Aburto-Oropeza O, Erisman BE (2020) Drivers of male sound production and effective communication distances at fish spawning aggregation sites. ICES J Mar Sci 77:730–745. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz236
Sayigh L, Daher MA, Allen J, Gordon H, Joyce K, Stuhlmann C, Tyack P (2016) The Watkins marine mammal sound database: an online, freely accessible resource. Proc Meet Acoust 27:040013. https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0000358
Scowcroft G (2021) The discovery of sound in the sea project: twenty years of success in synthesizing science for nonexperts. Acoust Today 17:78–80. https://doi.org/10.1121/at.2021.17.4.78
Shiu Y et al (2020) Deep neural networks for automated detection of marine mammal species. Sci Rep 10:607. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57549-y
Sprague M, Luczkovich J (2011) Modeling fish aggregation sounds in very shallow water to estimate numbers of calling fish in aggregations. Proc Meet Acoust 12:010004. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4730158
Sueur J, Farina A (2015) Ecoacoustics: the ecological investigation and interpretation of environmental sound. Biosemiotics 8:493–502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-015-9248-x
Sun Y-J, Yen S-C, Lin T-H (2022) soundscape_IR: a source separation toolbox for exploring acoustic diversity in soundscapes. Methods Ecol Evol 13:2347–2355. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13960
The Turing Way (2021) The FAIR Principals. https://the-turing-way.netlify.app/reproducible-research/rdm/rdm-fair.html. Accessed 10 Jan 2023
Tyack P, Frisk G, Boyd I, Urban E, Seeyave S (2015) International Quiet Ocean Experiment Science Plan. Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research and Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean
Ulloa JS, Haupert S, Latorre JF, Aubin T, Sueur J (2021) Scikit-maad: an open-source and modular toolbox for quantitative soundscape analysis in Python. Methods Ecol Evol 12:2334–2340. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13711
Van Parijs SM, Clark CW, Sousa-Lima RS, Parks SE, Rankin S, Risch D, Van Opzeeland IC (2009) Management and research applications of real-time and archival passive acoustic sensors over varying temporal and spatial scales. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 395:21–36. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08123
Vigness-Raposa KJ, Scowcroft G, Miller JH, Ketten D (2012) Discovery of sound in the sea: an online resource. In: Popper AN, Hawkins A (eds) Effects of noise on aquatic life, Advances in experimental medicine and biology, vol 730. Springer, New York, pp 135–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7311-5_30
Waddell EE, Rasmussen JH, Sirovic A (2021) Applying artificial intelligence methods to detect and classify fish calls from the Northern Gulf of Mexico. J Mar Sci Eng 9:1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101128
Wall CC, Haver SM, Hatch LT, Miksis-Olds J, Bochenek R, Dziak RP, Gedamke J (2021) The next wave of passive acoustic data management: how centralized access can enhance science. Front Mar Sci 8:873. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.703682
Wilkinson MD et al (2016) The FAIR guiding principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Sci Dat 3:160018. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18
Williams B et al (2022) Enhancing automated analysis of marine soundscapes using ecoacoustic indices and machine learning. Ecol Indic 140:11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108986
Acknowledgments
The IQOE Science Committee provided financial support to hold the GLUBS workshop at the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life 2022 conference and facilitated the attendance of some members. The Richard Lounsbery Foundation has provided financial support for the continued development of this working group. Support for the group was provided by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, Monmouth University Urban Coast Institute, and Rockefeller Program for the Human Environment. Jesse Ausubel of the Rockefeller Institute has provided valuable insights to the working group. We thank them for their initiative and support.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Parsons, M.J.G. et al. (2024). A Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds (GLUBS): An Online Platform with Multiple Passive Acoustic Monitoring Applications. In: Popper, A.N., Sisneros, J., Hawkins, A.D., Thomsen, F. (eds) The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10417-6_123-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10417-6_123-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-10417-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-10417-6
eBook Packages: Living Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences