Abstract
There is consensus that eating disorder prevalence and impact are on the rise and are present in people of diverse cultural backgrounds. This introduction briefly covers current developments related to the global prevalence and incidence, the burden of mortality, and eating disorder prevalence differences between the ICD-11 and DSM-5 ED criteria. The section on epidemiology discusses a broad sweep of eating disorders across the globe, including “Western” countries, Eastern Europe, East and South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America as well as within special populations (Indigenous peoples). The section also covers eating disorders in the context of a recent global pandemic. The directions for future research on the epidemiology of eating disorders are also suggested.
References
Al-Adawi, S., Bax, B., Bryant-Waugh, R., et al. (2013). Revision of ICD – Status update on feeding and eating disorders. Advances in Eating Disorders: Theory, Research and Practice, 1, 10–20.
American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
Appolinario, J. C., Sichieri, R., Lopes, C. S., Moraes, C. E., da Veiga, G. V., Freitas, S., … & Hay, P. (2022). Correlates and impact of DSM-5 binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa and recurrent binge eating: A representative population survey in a middle-income country. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 57(7), 1491–1503.
Brody, T. (2016). Biostatistics – Part I. In T. Brody (Ed.), Clinical trials (2nd ed., pp. 203–226). Academic.
Burt, A., Mannan, H., Touyz, S., & Hay, P. (2020). Prevalence of DSM-5 diagnostic threshold eating disorders and features amongst Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander peoples (first Australians). BMC Psychiatry, 20, 449.
Currin, L., et al. (2005). Time trends in eating disorder incidence. British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 132–135.
Deloitte Access Economics. (2020). The social and economic cost of eating disorders in the United States of America: A report for the strategic training initiative for the prevention of eating disorders and the academy for eating disorders. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/striped/report-economic-costs-of-eating-disorders/
Demmler, J. C., Brophy, S. T., Marchant, A., et al. (2019). Shining the light on eating disorders, incidence, prognosis and profiling of patients in primary and secondary care: National data linkage study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 216, 105–112.
Erskine, H. E., & Whiteford, H. A. (2018). Epidemiology of binge eating disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 31(6), 462–470.
Galmiche, M., Déchelotte, P., Lambert, G., & Tavolacci, M. P. (2019). Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000–2018 period: A systematic literature review. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 109(5), 1402–1413.
Hart, L. M., Mitchison, D., & Hay, P. J. (2018). The case for a national survey of eating disorders in Australia. Journal of Eating Disorders, 6(1), 30.
Hudson, J. I., Hiripi, E., Pope, H. G., Jr, & Kessler, R. C. (2007). The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 61(3), 348–358.
Jáuregui-Garrido, B., & Jáuregui-Lobera, I. (2012). Sudden death in eating disorders. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 8, 91–98.
Keski-Rahkonen, A., Raevuori, A., & Hoek, H. W. (2018). Epidemiology of eating disorders: An update. In Annual review of eating disorders (pp. 66–76). CRC Press.
Kutz, A. M., Marsh, A. G., Gunderson, C. G., et al. (2020). Eating disorder screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test characteristics of the SCOFF. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(3), 885–893.
Linardon, J., Messer, M., Rodgers, R. F., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2022). A systematic scoping review of research on COVID-19 impacts on eating disorders: A critical appraisal of the evidence and recommendations for the field. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 55(1), 3–38.
Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., et al. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication-adolescent supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980–989.
Mitchison, D., Morin, A., Mond, J., et al. (2015). The bidirectional relationship between quality of life and eating disorder symptoms: A 9-year community-based study of Australian women. PLoS One, 10(3), 1–19.
Palavras, M. A., Hay, P., & Claudino, A. (2018). An investigation of the clinical utility of the proposed ICD-11 and DSM-5 diagnostic schemes for eating disorders characterized by recurrent binge eating in people with a high BMI. Nutrients, 10(11), 1751.
Pike, K. M., Hoek, H. W., & Dunne, P. E. (2014). Cultural trends and eating disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 27(6), 436–442.
Qian, J., Wu, Y., Liu, F., Zhu, Y., Jin, H., Zhang, H., Wan, Y., Li, C., & Yu, D. (2022). An update on the prevalence of eating disorders in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eating and Weight Disorders, 27, 415–428.
Reed, G. M. (2010). Toward ICD-11: Improving the clinical utility of WHO’s international classification of mental disorders. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41, 457–464.
Reed, G. M., Correia, J. M., Esparza, P., et al. (2011). The WPA-WHO global survey of psychiatrists’ attitudes towards mental disorders classification. World Psychiatry, 10, 118–131.
Smink, F. R., van Hoeken, D., & Hoek, H. W. (2012). Epidemiology of eating disorders: Incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Current Psychiatry Reports, 14(4), 406–414.
Smith, A. R., Zuromski, K. L., & Dodd, D. R. (2018). Eating disorders and suicidality: What we know, what we don’t know, and suggestions for future research. Current Opinion in Psychology, 22, 63–67.
Spruance, S. L., Reid, J. E., Grace, M., & Samore, M. (2004). Hazard ratio in clinical trials. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48(8), 2787–2792.
Tyrer, P. (2014). A comparison of DSM and ICD classifications of mental disorder. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 20, 280–285.
Udo, T., & Grilo, C. M. (2019). Psychiatric and medical correlates of DSM-5 eating disorders in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 52(1), 42–50.
van Eeden, A. E., van Hoeken, D., & Hoek, H. W. (2021). Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 34(6), 515–524.
van Hoeken, D., & Hoek, H. W. (2020). Review of the burden of eating disorders: Mortality, disability, costs, quality of life, and family burden. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 33(6), 521–527.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) within the framework of the Bekker Program (no BPN/BEK/2021/1/00004/DEC/1) awarded to Professor Anna Brytek-Matera, visiting professor at Western Sydney University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Brytek-Matera, A., Hay, P. (2024). Introduction to Epidemiology. In: Robinson, P., Wade, T., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Treasure, J., Wonderlich, S. (eds) Eating Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97416-9_94-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97416-9_94-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-97416-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-97416-9
eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine