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Neuroimaging and Eating Disorders

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Eating Disorders

Abstract

Neuroimaging can provide insight into the neural processes underlying disordered eating and eating disorders. Structural neuroimaging methods, including magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, have identified alterations in gray and white matter volume in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Functional neuroimaging using magnetic resonance imaging has revealed resting alterations in networks implicated in cognitive, reward, and sensory integration processes, as well as abnormal responding to disorder-specific (e.g., food and body image) and more general mechanistic (e.g., reward, control, emotion, and interpersonal) cues and paradigms across eating disorder diagnoses. Other neuroimaging methods such as positron-emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography have identified abnormalities in neurotransmitter receptor density and release, as well as patterns of cerebral blood flow, among individuals with eating disorders. Research suggests that many of the structural and abnormalities identified in the acute stages of an eating disorder resolve with normalization of weight and eating. However, currently the most definitive evidence of the reversibility of neural effects from disorder eating are derived from the structural imaging literature in anorexia nervosa, and more research is needed on other recovery-related neural outcomes. Although the existing neuroimaging research provides a solid foundation for understanding the neural mechanisms of eating disorders, future research with more rigorous study designs, larger samples, and preregistration is needed to confirm the replicability of these initial findings. Additionally, novel neuroimaging investigations are warranted in disorders that have been traditionally under-investigated in this area of research (e.g., binge eating disorder; avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder), as well as with subclinical populations, to better understand the neurobiology of the full range of eating disorders.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Emily M. Koithan

  2. Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Joseph A. King & Stefan Ehrlich

  3. Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Stefan Ehrlich

  4. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

    Ann F. Haynos

Authors
  1. Emily M. Koithan
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  2. Joseph A. King
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  3. Stefan Ehrlich
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  4. Ann F. Haynos
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ann F. Haynos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University College London, London, UK

    Paul Robinson

  2. School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Tracey Wade

  3. Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Uniklinik der RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann

  4. Department of Psychiatry-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Fernando Fernandez-Aranda

  5. Dept of Psychological Med IoPPN, Kings College London, London, UK

    Janet Treasure

  6. School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Fargo, USA

    Steve Wonderlich

Section Editor information

  1. Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Hubertus Himmerich

  2. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy

    Palmiero Monteleone

Glossary

ACC

anterior cingulate cortex

AN

anorexia nervosa

BED

binge eating disorder

BOLD

blood-oxygen-level-dependent

BN

bulimia nervosa

dACC

dorsal anterior cingulate cortex

DMN

default mode network

DTI

diffusion tensor imaging

fMRI

functional magnetic resonance imaging

GM

gray matter

ICA

independent component analysis

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

PET

positron-emission tomography

PFC

prefrontal cortex

RSFC

resting state functional connectivity

SCA

seed-based correlation analysis

SPECT

single photon emission computed tomography

WM

white matter

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Koithan, E.M., King, J.A., Ehrlich, S., Haynos, A.F. (2023). Neuroimaging and Eating Disorders. In: Robinson, P., Wade, T., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Treasure, J., Wonderlich, S. (eds) Eating Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97416-9_41-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97416-9_41-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-97416-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-97416-9

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