Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Germ Cell, Lymphoid and Myeloid Tumors, Pathology of the Cervix

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Gynecologic Pathology

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Pathology ((EP))

  • 11 Accesses

Germ Cell Tumors of the Cervix

Definition

A tumor that comprises germ cell elements, which can be primitive or mature. They are thought to arise from displaced germ cells, pluripotent stem cells, residual fetal tissue, or secondary to retrodifferentiation in a somatic carcinoma.

Clinical Features

  • Incidence

    Extragonadal germ cell tumors are exceptionally rare (comprise 1–2% of all germ cell tumors). Their occurrence in cervix has only been documented in case reports or small case series.

  • Age

    Yolk sac tumors occur in infants to young adults; those associated with somatic malignancies tend to occur in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Mature cystic teratoma of the cervix occurs in adult women. Gestational choriocarcinomas tend to occur in reproductive age women and nongestational choriocarcinomas in postmenopausal women.

  • Treatment

    Surgery with consideration of adjuvant therapy. Chemotherapy regimens are similar to that used in ovarian germ cell tumors, such as combination of...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References and Further Reading

  • Ahmad, A. K., et al. (2014). Institutional review of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the female genital tract: A 33-year experience. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 24, 1250–1255.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang, Y. C., & Chen, C. H. (2010). Cervical granulocytic sarcoma: Report of one case and review of the literature. European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology, 31, 697.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Copeland, L. J., et al. (1985). Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina and cervix. Cancer, 55, 2558–2565.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cortés, J., et al. (1990). Immature teratoma primary of the uterine cervix. First case report. European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology, 11, 37–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dobrosavljevic, A., et al. (2016). Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the uterine cervix of a follicular type – Case report. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 36, 685–686.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dursun, P., & Gultekin, M. (2005). Primary cervical lymphoma: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Gynecologic Oncology, 98, 484–489.

    Google Scholar 

  • el Omari-Alaoui, H., et al. (2002). Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the uterus: Apropos of 4 cases and review of the literature. Cancer Radiotherapie, 6, 39–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fratoni, S., et al. (2016). Primitive “Spindle Cell Variant” (sarcomatoid variant) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the uterine cervix: Description and outcome of a rare case. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 35, 593–597.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, H. D., Adelson, M. D., Elder, R. C., & Lemke, S. M. (1992). Granulocytic sarcoma of the uterine cervix – Literature review of granulocytic sarcoma of the female genital tract. Gynecologic Oncology, 46, 128–137.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haverkos, B. M., et al. (2016). Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL-NT): An update on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and natural history in North American and European cases. Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports, 11, 514–527.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, D. W., et al. (2018). Primary non-gestational choriocarcinoma of the uterine cervix with metaplastic transformation from adenocarcinoma: A case report. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 38, 289–290.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Igwe, E., Diaz, J., & Ferriss, J. (2014). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the cervix with rectal involvement. Gynecologic Oncology Reports, 10, 1–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, K., et al. (2019). A unique uterine cervical ‘teratocarcinosarcoma’: A case report. Diagnostic Pathology, 14, 122.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Iwanaga, S., et al. (1990). Mature cystic teratoma of the uterine cervix. Asia-Oceania Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 16, 363–366.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kairi-Vassilatou, E., Papakonstantinou, K., Grapsa, D., Kondi-Paphiti, A., & Hasiakos, D. (2007). Primary gestational choriocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Report of a case and review of the literature. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 17, 921–925.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kapadia, S. B., Krause, J. R., Kanbour, A. I., & Hartsock, R. J. (1978). Granulocytic sarcoma of the uterus. Cancer, 41, 687.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, S., Kumar, L., Karmakar, D., Safaya, R., & Durgapal, P. (2012). Dysgerminoma in the uterine cervix. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 116, 83–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lagoo, A. S., & Robboy, S. J. (2006). Lymphoma of the female genital tract: Current status. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 25, 1–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, W.-S., Wang, R.-C., Wang, J., & Chang, K.-C. (2015). Primary nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma of uterine cervix mimicking leiomyoma. Clinical Case Reports, 3, 349–352.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Louissaint Abner, J., et al. (2016). Pediatric-type nodal follicular lymphoma: A biologically distinct lymphoma with frequent MAPK pathway mutations. Blood, 128, 1093–1100.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mardi, K., Gupta, N., & Bindra, R. (2011). Primary yolk sac tumor of cervix and vagina in an adult female: A rare case report. Indian Journal of Cancer, 48, 515–516.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mukonoweshuro, P., & McCluggage, W. G. (2017). Clear cell carcinoma of the cervix with choriocarcinomatous differentiation: Report of an extremely rare phenomenon associated with mismatch repair protein abnormality. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 36, 323–327.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panesar, N. K., & Sidhu, J. S. (2007). Uterine cervical teratoma with divergent neuroepithelial differentiation and development of an oligodendroglioma: Report of a case and review of the literature. Annals of Diagnostic Pathology, 11, 293–296.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Review, L. (2019). BCL2-negative follicular lymphoma of the uterine cervix: A case report and literature review 1, 2–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seo, I. S., Hull, M. T., & Pak, H. Y. (1977). Granulocytic sarcoma of the cervix as a primary manifestation. Case without overt leukemic features for 26 months. Cancer, 40, 3030–3037.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, L., et al. (2016). Primary Non-Hodgkins lymphoma of uterine cervix: A case report of two patients. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 66, 125–127.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vang, R., Medeiros, L. J., Ha, C. S., & Deavers, M. (2000). Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas involving the uterus: A clinicopathologic analysis of 26 cases. Modern Pathology, 13, 19–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vijayakumar, S., Serur, E., Bybordi, B., & Lakhi, N. (2016). Primary gynecological non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: A differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass. Gynecologic Oncology Reports, 18, 29–31.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Weingertner, A. S., et al. (2009). Myeloid sarcoma of the uterine cervix as presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia after treatment with low-dose radioiodine for thyroid cancer: A case report and review of the literature. Case Reports in Oncology, 2, 1–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz, A. F., Saydam, G., Sahin, F., & Baran, Y. (2013). Granulocytic sarcoma: a systematic review. American Journal of Blood Research, 3, 265–270.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Anatomical Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Lynn Hoang

  2. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Lynn Hoang, Nissreen Mohammad & Noorah Almadani

Authors
  1. Lynn Hoang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nissreen Mohammad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Noorah Almadani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lynn Hoang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, “George E Palade” of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania

    Simona Stolnicu

  2. Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA

    Rouba Ali-Fehmi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Hoang, L., Mohammad, N., Almadani, N. (2023). Germ Cell, Lymphoid and Myeloid Tumors, Pathology of the Cervix. In: Stolnicu, S., Ali-Fehmi, R. (eds) Gynecologic Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97378-0_5620

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97378-0_5620

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-97377-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-97378-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation