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Delphinidin: Sources, Biosynthesis, Bioavailability, Bioactivity, and Pharmacology

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Dietary Flavonoids

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Abstract

This chapter highlighted the sources, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, absorption, metabolism, excretion, biological properties, clinical trials, human studies, marketable products, and patents of delphinidin. Briefly, anthocyanins belong to a flavonoid class and represent a huge group that naturally occurs as water-soluble compounds in plants. Delphinidin is an important compound from the anthocyanidins class responsible for the purple-colored pigment that occurs in berries, eggplant, roselle, and wine. Delphinidin is found in different glycosidic forms, such as delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-sambubioside, and delphinidin-3-arabinoside. Delphinidin exhibits several biological activities by distinct and complex mechanisms. Finally, delphinidin is a promising bioactive compound that can be used for the development of nutraceuticals and food products for human health.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

AMPK:

adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase

AMPKα:

AMP-activated protein kinase α

BAX:

bcl-2-associated X-protein

BCL-2:

b-cell lymphoma 2

BCL-XL:

antiapoptotic protein

BCL-XL:

b-cell lymphoma-extra large

C/EBPα:

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha

CDK1:

B1-cyclin-dependent kinase 1

ERK1/2:

extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase

HCV:

hepatitis C virus

HO-1:

heme oxygenase-1

IL-17Α:

interleukin-17A

IL-6:

interleukin 6

IκB:

kinase

JNK1/2:

c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2

KEAP1:

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1

LC3-II:

standard marker for autophagosomes

MAPK:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

MCP-1:

monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

NF-κB:

nuclear factor kappa B

NOX-1:

NADPH oxidase 1

Nrf2:

nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2

p38:

mitogen-activated protein kinases

p47phox:

neutrophil cytosol factor 1

p65:

transcription factor RelA

PARP:

cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase N-acetylcysteine

PMA:

phorbol myristate acetate

PPARγ:

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

Rac1:

ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1

SIRT1:

silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

SREBP1:

sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1

TGF-β:

transforming growth factor beta

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-alpha

TUNEL:

terminal uridine nick-end labeling

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Aline Priscilla Gomes da Silva

  2. University Institute of Food Science and Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Sania Zia

  3. Faculty of Science, Asia-Pacific International University, Saraburi, Thailand

    Oliver Dean John

  4. Food Technology Institute, ITAL, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Mariana Correa de Souza

  5. Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil

    Laise Capelasso da Silva

  6. School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil

    William Gustavo Sganzela

Authors
  1. Aline Priscilla Gomes da Silva
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  2. Sania Zia
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  3. Oliver Dean John
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  4. Mariana Correa de Souza
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  5. Laise Capelasso da Silva
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  6. William Gustavo Sganzela
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aline Priscilla Gomes da Silva .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain

    Jianbo Xiao

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da Silva, A.P.G., Zia, S., John, O.D., de Souza, M.C., da Silva, L.C., Sganzela, W.G. (2023). Delphinidin: Sources, Biosynthesis, Bioavailability, Bioactivity, and Pharmacology. In: Xiao, J. (eds) Handbook of Dietary Flavonoids. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94753-8_56-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94753-8_56-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-94753-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-94753-8

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