Skip to main content

Vocabulary Development in Early Language Education

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Early Language Education

Part of the book series: Springer International Handbooks of Education ((SIHE))

Abstract

Building lexical knowledge is one of the most fundamental developments in early childhood; as such development is associated with children’s later academic achievement and other language abilities. Both breadth (e.g., receptive vocabulary size) and depth (e.g., syntagmatic and paradigmatic knowledge) of lexical knowledge are vital, as the former indicates how much children know and the latter indicates how well they know it. Therefore, it would be crucial for any language program to provide qualified teaching for preschoolers to develop their lexical knowledge. The current review has synthesized findings published in recent years on preschoolers’ lexical development in early bilingual education programs, to explore the theoretical frameworks (e.g., the thresholds theory) and the effectiveness of these programs in improving bilingual children’s lexical breadth and depth in both first and second languages. Instructional strategies, such as shared book reading and multimodality, which have been proved to be effective in vocabulary teaching across various types of bilingual language programs, have been summarized. At the end of the chapter, future research directions of vocabulary development in early language programs have been proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Administration for Children and Families. (2007). Head Start programs. Retrieved March 2019 from https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/programs/article/head-start-programs

  • Akoğlu, G., & Yağmur, K. (2016). First-language skills of bilingual Turkish immigrant children growing up in a Dutch submersion context. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 19(6), 706–721. https://doi-org.libproxy.nie.edu.sg/10.1080/13670050.2016.1181605

  • Arnett, J. J. (2008). The neglected 95: Why American psychology needs to become less American. American Psychologist, 63, 602–614. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.7.602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • August, D., & Shanahan, T. (Eds.). (2006). Developing literacy in second-language learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on language-minority children and youth. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, C. (2001). Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism. Clevedon/Buffalo: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, W. S., Yarosz, D. J., Thomas, J. H., Jung, K., & Blanco, D. (2007). Two-way monolingual English immersion in preschool education: An experimental comparison. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 22, 277–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2007.03.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, E., Bretherton, I., & Snyder, L. (1988). From first words to grammar: Individual differences and dissociable mechanisms. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, I. L., McKeown, M. G., & Kucan, L. (2002). Bringing words to life: Robust vocabulary instruction. New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergstrӧm, K., Klatte, M., Steinbrink, C., & Lachmann, T. (2016). First and second language acquisition in German children attending a kindergarten immersion program: A combined longitudinal and cross-sectional study. Language Learning, 66(2), 386–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bialystok, E., Luk, G., Peets, K. F., & Yang, S. (2010). Receptive vocabulary differences in monolingual and bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13, 525–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brownell, R. (2010). Expressive one-word picture vocabulary test. San Antonio: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruner, J. S. (1986). Actual minds, possible worlds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Carlo, M. S., August, D., Mclaughlin, B., Snow, C. E., Dressler, C., Lippman, D. N., … White, C. E. (2004). Closing the gap: Addressing the vocabulary needs of English-language learners in bilingual and mainstream classrooms. Reading Research Quarterly, 39(2), 188–215. https://doi.org/10.2307/4151671.

  • Chapelle, C. (1998). Construct definition and validity inquiry in SLA research. In L. F. Bachman & A. D. Cohen (Eds.), Interface between second language acquisition and language testing research (pp. 32–70). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobo-Lewis, A. B., Pearson, B. Z., Eilers, R. E., & Umbel, V. C. (2002). Effects of bilingualism and bilingual education on oral and written Spanish skills: A multifactor study of standardized test outcomes. In D. K. Oller & R. E. Eilers (Eds.), Language and literacy in bilingual children (pp. 98–117). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, M. (2010). ELL preschoolers’ English vocabulary acquisition from storybook reading. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25, 84–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, B. A. (2014). Dual language development of Latino children: Effect of instructional program type and the home and school language environment. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29, 389–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.04.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, N., Gong, Y., Sipp, L., & Wright, L. (2004). Using text talk as a gateway to culturally responsive teaching. Early Childhood Education Journal, 31, 187–192. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ECEJ.0000012137.43147.af.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cruse, D. A. (1986). Lexical semantics. Cambridge: University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, J. (1979). Cognitive/academic language proficiency, linguistic interdependence, the optimum age question. Working Papers on Bilingualism, 19, 121–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, J. (1980). The construct of language proficiency in bilingual education. In J. E. Alatis (Ed.), Georgetown university round table on languages and linguistics 1980. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, J. (1984). Bilingualism and special education: Issues in assessment and pedagogy. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • De Groot, A. M. B. (2011). Language and cognition in bilinguals and multilinguals: An introduction. New York/Hove: Psychology Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • De Groot, A. M. B., & Hoeks, J. C. C. (1995). The development of bilingual memory: Evidence from word translation by trilinguals. Language Learning, 45(4), 683–724.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Temple, J., & Snow, C. E. (2003). Learning words from books. In A. van Kleeck & S. A. Stahl (Eds.), On reading books to children: Parents and teachers. Mahwah: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, L., & Dunn, L. (2007). Peabody picture vocabulary test (4th ed.). Circle Pines: American Guidance Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durán, L., Roseth, C., & Hoffman, P. (2010). An experimental study comparing English-only and transitional bilingual education on Spanish-speaking preschoolers’ early literacy development. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25, 207–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst-Slavit, G., & Mulhern, M. (2003). Bilingual books: Promoting literacy and biliteracy in the second-language and mainstream classroom. Reading Online, 1. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=13515528&site=eds-live&scope=site

  • Espinosa, L. (2014). Getting it RIGHT for young children from diverse backgrounds: Applying research to improve practice with a focus on dual language learners (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farver, J., Lonigan, C., & Eppe, S. (2009). Effective early literacy skill development for young Spanish-speaking English language learners: An experimental study of two methods. Child Development, 80, 703–719. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01292.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, Y., & Freeman, D. (2004). Connecting students to culturally relevant texts. Talking Points, 15(2), 7–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genesee, F., & Lindholm-Leary, K. (2008). Dual language education in Canada and the USA. In N. H. Hornberger (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and education (pp. 1696–1706). Boston: Springer US.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Golberg, H., Paradis, J., & Crago, M. (2008). Lexical acquisition over time in minority first language children learning English as a second language. Applied PsychoLinguistics, 29(1), 41–65. https://doi.org/10.1017/S014271640808003X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodrich, J. M., & Lonigan, C. J. (2017). Language-independent and language-specific aspects of early literacy: An evaluation of the common underlying proficiency model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(6), 782–793. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grosjean, F. (2008). Studying bilinguals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez-Clellen, V., Simon-Cereijido, G., & Restrepo, M. (2013). Improving the vocabulary and oral language skills of bilingual Latino preschoolers: An intervention for speech-language pathologists. San Diego: Plural.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadar, U., Teitelman, A., & Dar, R. (2001). Gesture during speech in first and second language: Implications for word retrieval. Gesture, 1, 151–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, C. S., Davison, M. D., Lawrence, F. R., & Miccio, A. W. (2009). The effect of maternal language on bilingual children’s vocabulary and emergent literacy development during Head Start and kindergarten. Scientific Studies of Reading, 13, 99–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888430902769541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, C. S., Hoff, E., Uchikoshi, Y., Gillanders, C., Castro, D. C., & Sandilos, L. E. (2014). The language and literacy development of young dual language learners: A critical review. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29(4), 715–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.05.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, B., & Risley, T. R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore: Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hindman, A. H., & Wasik, B. A. (2015). Building vocabulary in two languages: An examination of Spanish-speaking dual language learners in Head Start. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 31, 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.12.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff, E., & McKay, J. (2005). Phonological memory skill in monolingual and bilingual 23-month-olds. In J. Cohen, K. McAlister, K. Rolstad, & J. MacSwan (Eds.), ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on bilingualism (pp. 1041–1044). Somerville: Cascadilla Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino, N., & Thierry, G. (2011). Language selection in bilingual word production: Electrophysiological evidence for cross-language competition. Brain Research, 1371, 100–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez, R. T. (1994). Understanding and promoting the reading comprehension of bilingual students. Bilingual Research Journal, 18(1 & 2), 99–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, K. A. (2011). Child language acquisition. In R. Fasold & J. Connor-Linton (Eds.), An introduction to language and linguistics (pp. 205–234). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroll, J. F., & Stewart, E. (1994). Category interference in translation and picture naming: Evidence for asymmetric connections between bilingual memory representations. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 149–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J. (2011). Size matters: Early vocabulary as a predictor of language and literacy competence. Applied PsychoLinguistics, 32, 69–92. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716410000299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lervåg, A., & Aukrust, V. G. (2010). Vocabulary knowledge is a critical determinant of the difference in reading comprehension growth between first and second language learners. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 612–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leseman, P. (2000). Bilingual vocabulary development of Turkish preschoolers in the Netherlands. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 21, 93–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, L. C., & Johnson, C. J. (2014). Mandarin-English bilingual vocabulary development in an English-immersion preschool: How does it compare with monolingual development? International Journal of Bilingualism, 20(2), 173–189. https://doiorg.libproxy.nie.edu.sg/10.1177/1367006914547662

  • Lindholm-Leary, K. (2014). Bilingual and biliteracy skills in young Spanish-speaking low-SES children: Impact of instructional language and primary language proficiency. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 17(2), 144–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2013.86662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm-Leary, K. (2018). Implications of research for dual language at the early childhood level. In M. B. Arias & M. Fee (Eds.), Profiles of dual language education in the 21st century. Avon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm-Leary, K., & Genesee, F. (2010). Alternative educational programs for English language learners. In California Department of Education (Ed.), Improving education for English learners: Research-based approaches (pp. 323–382). Sacramento: California Department of Education Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lugo-Neris, M., Wood Jackson, C., & Goldstein, H. (2010). Facilitating vocabulary acquisition of young English language learners. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 41, 314–327. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2009/07-0082).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mancilla-Martinez, J., & Lesaux, N. K. (2011). Early home language use and later vocabulary development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(3), 535–546. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023655

  • Matthews, P. H. (2007). The concise Oxford dictionary of linguistics (2 ed.). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199202720.001.0001.

  • Méndez, L. I., Crais, E. R., Castro, D. C., & Kainz, K. (2015). A culturally and linguistically responsive vocabulary approach for young Latino dual language learners. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 58(1), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1044/2014_JSLHR-L-12-0221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Méndez, L. I., Crais, E. R., & Kainz, K. (2018). The impact of individual differences on a bilingual vocabulary approach for Latino preschoolers. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 61(4), 897–909. https://doiorg.libproxy.nie.edu.sg/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-17-0186

  • Moats, L. (2001). Overcoming the language gap. American Educator, 25(2), 5–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagy, W. E., & Scott, J. A. (2000). Vocabulary processes. In P. D. Pearson & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 3, pp. 269–284). Mahwah: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nation, I. S. P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolay, A. C., & Poncelet, M. (2013). Cognitive abilities underlying second-language vocabulary acquisition in an early second-language immersion education context: A longitudinal study. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 115, 655–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2013.04.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oller, D. K. (2005). The distributed characteristic in bilingual learning. In J. Cohen, K. McAlister, K. Rolstad, & J. MacSwan (Eds.), ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on bilingualism (pp. 1744–1750). Somerville: Cascadilla Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oller, D. K., Pearson, B. Z., & Cobo-Lewis, A. B. (2007). Profile effects in early bilingual language and literacy. Applied PsychoLinguistics, 28, 191–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ordóñez, C. L., Carlo, M. S., Snow, C. E., & McLaughlin, B. (2002). Depth and breadth of vocabulary in two languages: Which vocabulary skills transfer? Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(4), 719–728.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paradis, J. (2009). Oral language development in French and English and the role of home input factors. Report for the Conseil scolaire centre-nord[north-central school board], Edmonton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parra, M., Hoff, E., & Core, C. (2011). Relations among language exposure, phonological memory, and language development in Spanish–English bilingually-developing two-year-olds. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108, 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2010.07.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, B. Z., Fernández, S., & Oller, D. K. (1995). Cross-language synonyms in the lexicons of bilingual infants: One language or two? Journal of Child Language, 22(2), 345–368. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030500090000982X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pollard-Durodola, S. D., Gonzalez, J. E., Saenz, L., Resendez, N., Kwok, O., Zhu, L., & Davis, H. (2018). The effects of content-enriched shared book reading versus vocabulary-only discussions on the vocabulary outcomes of preschool dual language learners. Early Education and Development, 29(2), 245–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proctor, C. P., Uccelli, P., Dalton, B., & Snow, C. E. (2009). Understanding depth of vocabulary online with bilingual and monolingual children. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 25(4), 311–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reljić, G., Ferring, D., & Martin, R. (2015). A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of bilingual programs in Europe. Review of Educational Research, 85(1), 92–128. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654314548514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Restrepo, M., Morgan, G., & Thompson, M. (2013). The efficacy of a vocabulary intervention for dual-language learners with language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 56, 748–765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhys, M., & Thomas, E. M. (2013). Bilingual Welsh-English children’s acquisition of vocabulary and reading: Implications for bilingual education. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(6), 633–656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rolstad, K., Mahoney, K., & Glass, G. V. (2005). The big picture: A meta-analysis of program effectiveness research on English language learners. Educational Policy, 19, 572–594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rom, A., Segal, M., & Zur, B. (2003). Child, what does he say? Tel-Aviv: Mofet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheele, A. F., Leseman, P. P. M., & Mayo, A. Y. (2010). The home language environment of monolingual and bilingual children and their language profi- ciency. Applied PsychoLinguistics, 31(1), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716409990191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M. (2014). The impact of the first language first model on vocabulary development among preschool bilingual children. Reading and Writing, 27, 709–732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-013-9463-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M., & Katzir, T. (2012). Depth of LK among bilingual children: The impact of schooling. Reading and Writing, 25, 1947–1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M., Moin, V., & Leikin, M. (2012). Lexical knowledge development in first and second languages: A role of early bilingual education. Bilingualism and Bilingual Education, 15(5), 549–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sénéchal, M., Ouellette, G., & Rodney, D. (2006). The misunderstood giant: On the predictive role of early vocabulary to future reading. In D. K. Dickinson & S. B. Neuman (Eds.), Handbook of early literacy (pp. 173–182). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, R. D. (2007). Vocabulary development of English-language and English-only learners in kindergarten. The Elementary School Journal, 107(4), 365–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, R. D., DiBara Crandell, J., & Carlis, L. (2013). Read alouds and beyond: The effects of read aloud extension activities on vocabulary in Head Start classrooms. Early Education and Development, 24, 98–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2011.649679.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smithson, L., Paradis, J., & Nicoladis, E. (2014). Bilingualism and receptive vocabulary achievement: Could sociocultural context make a difference? Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17(4), 810–821. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728913000813.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sneddon, R. (2008). Magda and Albana: Learning to read with dual language books. Language and Education, 22(2), 137–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snow, C. E. (1990). The development of definition skill. Journal of Child Language, 17, 697–710.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spycher, P. (2009). Learning academic language through science in two linguistically diverse kindergarten classes. The Elementary School Journal, 109(4), 359–379. https://doi.org/10.1086/593938.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Starreveld, P. A., De Groot, A. M. B., Rossmark, B. M. M., & Van Hell, J. G. (2014). Parallel language activation during word processing in bilinguals: Evidence from word production in sentence context. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17(02), 258–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinlen, A., Neils, K., Piske, T., & Trumpp, C. (2010). SETK 3–5: A developmental language test on German for 3-to-5-year-old children. In K. Kersten, A. Rohde, C. Schelletter, & A. Steinlen (Eds.), Bilingual preschools: Learning and development (pp. 119–135). Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Storch, A. S., & Whitehurst, J. G. (2002). Oral language and code-related precursors to reading: Evidence from a longitudinal structural model. Developmental Psychology, 38, 934–947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, H. (2019). Bilingual children’s Mandarin language and literacy environment at home and their Mandarin language and social-emotional skills: One stone for two birds? Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, H., Steinkrauss, R., Wieling, M., & de Bot, K. (2018a). Individual differences in very young Chinese children’s English vocabulary breadth and semantic depth: Internal and external factors. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(4), 405–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2016.1178706.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, H., Yin, B., Amsah, F., & O’Brien, B. A. (2018b). Differential effects of internal and external factors in early bilingual vocabulary learning: The case of Singapore. Applied PsychoLinguistics, 39(2), 383–411. https://doi.org/10.1017/S014271641700039X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, H., Loh, J. Y., & Charles, R. A. (2019). Motion and sound in animated storybooks for preschooler’s total fixation time and mandarin language learning: An eye-tracking study with Singaporean bilingual children. AERA Open, 5, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, H., Ng, S. C., O’Brien, B. A., & Fritzsche, T. (2020a). Child, Family, and School Factors in Bilingual Preschoolers’ Vocabulary Development in Heritage Languages. Journal of Child Language, 47(4), 817–843. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000919000904

  • Sun, H., Toh, W. M., & Steinkrauss, R. (2020b). Instructional strategies and linguistic features of kindergarten teachers’ shared book reading: the case of Singapore. Applied Psycholinguistics, 41(2), 427–456. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716420000053

  • Van Wijnendaele, I., & Brysbaert, M. (2002). Visual word recognition in bilinguals: Phonological priming from the second to the first language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28(3), 616–627.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhallen, M., & Schoonen, R. (1993). Lexical knowledge of monolingual and bilingual children. Applied Linguistics, 14(4), 344–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vermeer, A. (2001). Coming to grips with lexical richness in spontaneous speech data. Language Testing, 17(1), 65–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wesche, M., & Paribakht, T. S. (1996). Assessing second language vocabulary knowledge: Depth versus breadth. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 53, 13–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West, J., Denton, K., & Reaney, L. (2001). The kindergarten year: Findings from the early childhood longitudinal study, kindergarten class of 1998–99. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to He Sun .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Sun, H., Yin, B. (2022). Vocabulary Development in Early Language Education. In: Schwartz, M. (eds) Handbook of Early Language Education. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91662-6_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics