Abstract
Social movements embody broadly oppositional subjects and objects against governments and institutional decisions. But the studies about them are mostly used to focus on some cases and their basics. Instead, this study tries to draw a holistic and comprehensive vision, inspired by Ranciere and Hardt and Negri’s concepts. These scholars show that the movements give a new meaning to existing politics in the near past, especially focusing on the last two decades globally. The changing subjects and objects of the movements constitute a new political basement. This study argues that post-2010 movements are the second wave of anti-globalization movements. It is a new democratic thought that grows from the bottom and searches for an institutional pattern to reflect upon. The flourishing of the issues of protests, the daily life affairs with the participation of ordinary people in demonstrations, and the global interaction via the internet network indicate that the movements constitute a new way of prefigurative politics. Despite differences among the cases indicated, the common point is about searching for new possibilities in politics. It is argued that they may not have been able to directly influence governments, but they did change the way democracy is viewed.
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Yildirim, Y. (2023). Changing Social Movements and Social Change Through Direct Action: Challenging Capitalism with Democratic Interference. In: The Palgrave Handbook of Global Social Change. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87624-1_220-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87624-1_220-1
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