Synonyms
Definition
Mass balance studies in humans are also known as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies. In general, they are carried out using a radiolabeled version of the medical product to be evaluated [1].
Mass balance excretion studies/human radiolabeled mass balance studies in laboratory animals and humans using radiolabeled compounds constitute a standard part of the drug development process. From them, the fate of drug-related materials is assessed, including routes of excretion and, with additional analyses, metabolic pathways. In these studies, the total mass balance of drug-related material (represented by radiolabeled molecules) in excreta is quantified, as is the time course of excretion of total drug-related materials. The systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) of total radioactivity are assessed, and, lastly, the excreta and blood samples gathered in such studies are used for identification and quantitative profiling of the...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Coppola P, Andersson A, Cole S. The importance of the human mass balance study in regulatory submissions. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2019;8:792–804.
Roffey SJ, Scott Obach R, Gedge JI, Smith DA. ¿What is the objective of the mass balance study? A retrospective analysis of data in animal and human excretion studies employing Radiolabeled drugs. Drug Metab Rev. 2017;39:17–43.
Penner N, Klunk JL, Prakash C. Human radiolabeled mass balance studies: objectives, utilities, and limitations. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2009;30:185–203.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration – Center for Drugs and Biologics. Guidance for the format and content of the human pharmacokinetics and bioavailability section of an application. 1987. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/media/71286/download
European Medicines Agency. Pharmacokinetics Studies in Man. 1987. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/pharmacokinetic-studies-man_en.pdf
Beumer JH, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Mass balance studies, with a focus on anticancer drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2006;45(1):33–58.
Nijenhuis CM, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JM. Regulatory aspects of human radiolabeled mass balance studies in oncology: concise review. Drug Metab Rev. 2016;48(2):266–80.
Roffel AF, van Marle SP, van Lier JJ, Hartstra J, van Hoogdalem EJ. An evaluation of human ADME and mass balance studies using regular or low doses of radiocarbon. J Labelled Comp Rad. 2016;59:619–26.
Gieser G. Clinical pharmacology 1: phase 1 studies and early drug development. US Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration Available from: https://www.fda.gov/media/84920/download
Sunzel M. Studies of the pharmacokinetic properties of a drug – a regulatory perspective. In: Swarbrick J, editor. New drug development. Marcel Decker, Inc; 2004. p. 187–212.
Penner N, Xu L, Prakash C. Radiolabeled absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies in drug development. Why, when, and how. Chem Res Toxicol. 2012;25:513–31.
European Medicines Agency – Committee for Human Medicinal Products (CHMP). The guideline on the investigation of drug interactions- CPMP/EWP/560/95/Rev. 1 Corr. 2**. 2012. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-investigation-drug-interactions-revision-1_en.pdf
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) – Pharmacology/Toxicology – Safety Testing of Drug Metabolites Guidance for Industry. Revision 2. March 2020. Available from https://www.fda.gov/media/72279/download
Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 – Food and Drugs Chapter I – Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services – Subchapter D – Drugs for Human Use. Part 361 prescription drugs for human use generally recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded: drugs used in research. e-CFR data is current as of February 4, 2021. Available from https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=18997a41aa050f35b78e9009c814df1a&mc=true&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title21/21cfr361_main_02.tpl
Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 – Food and Drugs Chapter I – Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services- Subchapter D – Drugs for Human Use. Part 312 investigational new drug application. e-CFR data is current as of February 4, 2021. Available from: https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=18997a41aa050f35b78e9009c814df1a&mc=true&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title21/21cfrv5_02.tpl#0
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research – Guidance for Industry and Researchers. The Radioactive Drug Research Committee (RDRC): Human Research Without an Investigational New Drug Application. 2010. Available from https://www.fda.gov/media/76286/download.
International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use – ICH Harmonized Guideline – Biopharmaceutics Classification System-Based Biowaivers – M9 – November 2019. Available from: https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/M9_Guideline_Step4_2019_1116.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Quiroga, P.A.M. (2022). Bioavailability: Mass Balance Studies. In: Talevi, A. (eds) The ADME Encyclopedia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84860-6_134
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84860-6_134
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-84859-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-84860-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences