Creatine Kinase as a Biomarker

Watanabe, Lígia Moriguchi; de Souza Pinhel, Marcela Augusta; Noronha, Natália Yumi; Nonino, Carla Barbosa

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_55-1

Lígia Moriguchi Watanabe⁵,
Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel⁶,
Natália Yumi Noronha⁷ &
…
Carla Barbosa Nonino⁵

Part of the book series: Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications ((BDMDA))

130 Accesses

Abstract

Creatine kinase (CK) has been widely used as a biomarker in clinical practice to identify muscle disorders and other health conditions. Studies about its structures and functions have advanced over time and provided important tools for elucidating mechanisms related to muscle metabolism and the pathologies associated with disturbances in these mechanisms. One of the most expressive uses of CK is identifying and treating statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), the most studied adverse effects of statins associated with nonadherence to treatment and unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to statin metabolism pathways can be highlighted among the risk factors that predispose to SAMS. Identifying these SNPs in patients proves to be a tool for health professionals in prescribing statins and adjusting their dosage. Nut consumption has been widely associated with health benefits, especially chronic diseases. In this sense, some studies suggest using nuts as adjuvants to drug therapies, improving health parameters such as lipid profile, oxidative stress, and the decrease in serum CK levels. In this context, the consumption of nuts may assist in statin therapy and possibly mitigating the SAMS, although more studies are needed to elucidate the involved mechanisms. Finally, there is recent evidence interconnecting the CK levels, SAMS, and nut consumption.

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Abbreviations

ABC:: ATP-binding cassette
ABCB1:: ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1
ABCG2:: ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2
ADP:: Adenosine diphosphate
ATP:: Adenosine triphosphate
BCRP:: Breast cancer resistance protein
CK:: Creatine kinase
CoQ10:: Coenzyme Q10
Cr:: Creatine
CYP2C9:: Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9
CYP3A4:: Cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4
CYP450:: Cytochrome P450
GOT:: Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
GPT:: Glutamic pyruvic transaminase
HDL-C:: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
HMG-CoA:: Hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A
IFCC:: International Federation of Clinical Chemistry
LDH:: Lactic dehydrogenase
LDL-C:: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Mt-CK:: Mitochondrial creatine kinase
MUFA:: Monounsaturated fatty acid
OATP1B1:: Organic anion transport protein 1B1
PCr:: Phosphocreatine
P-gp:: P-Glycoprotein 1
PUFA:: Polyunsaturated fatty acid
SAMS:: Statin-associated muscle symptoms
SLCO1B1:: Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
sMtCK:: Sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase
SNPs:: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms
uMtCK:: Ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase

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Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
Lígia Moriguchi Watanabe & Carla Barbosa Nonino
Department of Molecular Biology, São Jose Do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel
Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
Natália Yumi Noronha

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Lígia Moriguchi Watanabe
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Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel
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Natália Yumi Noronha
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Carla Barbosa Nonino
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Biomedical Science, University of Westminster, London, UK
Vinood B. Patel
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Victor R. Preedy

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Watanabe, L.M., de Souza Pinhel, M.A., Noronha, N.Y., Nonino, C.B. (2022). Creatine Kinase as a Biomarker. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Biomarkers in Nutrition . Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_55-1

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_55-1
Received: 30 August 2021
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Published: 18 May 2022
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