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The Beneficial Role of Natural Antioxidants in Alleviating Neuroinflammatory Disorders Including Neurodegeneration

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Plant Antioxidants and Health

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

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Abstract

The inflammatory response is a highly self-regulated process that arises due to the common consequence of injury or infection and it has been observed that chronic inflammations cause tissue damage. The complexity of this process attracted huge scientific interest which deals with understanding inflammatory responses at their molecular level. Generally inflammatory response occurring within the brain and spinal cord is known as neuroinflammation. The severity of neuroinflammation is highly dependent on the type of disease, injury, infection, or stress while the duration and course of neuroinflammatory responses equally contribute to understand these processes and the subsequent physiological, biochemical, and behavioral changes. Neuroinflammatory responses are mediated by microglia which are the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Many years of research support the fact that chronic inflammation along with increasing age increases the risk of progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation and increasing oxidative stress form the basis of neuronal apoptosis ending up with synaptic loss leading to physiological and behavioral changes in the patients. Several natural compounds have been proven to possess a strong antioxidant effect that reduces neuroinflammation in many neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we present the reports on few natural antioxidants which act against neuroinflammatory disorders while focusing on their molecular mechanism of action.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ARE:

Antioxidant response element

HD:

Huntington’s disease

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

SVD:

Small vessel disease

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the grant provided by DST-FIST (Grant No. SR/FST/LSI-639/2015(C)), UGC-SAP (Grant No.F.5-1/2018/DRS-II (SAP-II)), and RUSA 2.0 [F. 24-51/2014-U, Policy (TN Multi-Gen), Dept. of Education, Government of India].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University [Science Campus], Karaikudi, India

    Mamali Das & Kasi Pandima Devi

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  1. Mamali Das
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  2. Kasi Pandima Devi
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Correspondence to Kasi Pandima Devi .

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland

    Halina Maria Ekiert

  2. Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  3. Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India

    Jaya Arora

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland

    Halina Ekiert

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Das, M., Devi, K.P. (2022). The Beneficial Role of Natural Antioxidants in Alleviating Neuroinflammatory Disorders Including Neurodegeneration. In: Ekiert, H.M., Ramawat, K.G., Arora, J. (eds) Plant Antioxidants and Health. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78160-6_31

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