Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Gastrointestinal Disorders in Older Patients

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Geriatric Medicine

  • 362 Accesses

Abstract

The function of the gastrointestinal tract remains relatively stable throughout life, although the prevalence of certain gastrointestinal disorders increases with age [1–4]. With this in mind, the purpose of this chapter was to focus on the most common gastrointestinal disorders afflicting the geriatric population. Aside from gastrointestinal disease, this chapter also aimed to focus on less pronounced topics when caring for the geriatric patient from a gastroenterologist’s perspective, such as the patient-centered approach to care and risk/benefit analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Overall, treating a geriatric patient with a gastrointestinal condition may involve complex decision-making depending on their comorbidities, acuity of the gastrointestinal illness, and goals of care.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Shamburek RD, Farrar J. Disorders of the digestive system in the elderly. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:438–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Holt PR. Gastrointestinal system: changes in morphology and cell proliferation. Aging. 1991;3:392–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Russell RM. Changes in gastrointestinal function attributed to aging. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:1203S–7S.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Blechman MB, Gelb AM. Aging and gastrointestinal physiology. Clin Geriatr Med. 1999;15:429–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kikendall JW, Friedman AC, Oyewole MA, et al. Pill- induced esophageal injury: case reports and review of the medical literature. Dig Dis Sci. 1983;28:174–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Mendez L, Friedman LS, Castell DO. Swallowing disorders in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 1991;7:215–7230.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Finucane T, Christmas C, Travis K. Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA. 1999;282:1365–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Li I. Feeding tubes in patients with severe dementia. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65:1605–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Spechler SJ. Epidemiology and natural history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Digestion. 1992;51(Suppl 1):24–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Peery AF, Dellon ES, Lund J, Crockett SD, McGowan CE, Bulsiewicz WJ, Gangarosa LM, Thiny MT, Stizenberg K, Morgan DR, Ringel Y, Kim HP, DiBonaventura MD, Carroll CF, Allen JK, Cook SF, Sandler RS, Kappelman MD, Shaheen NJ. Burden of gastrointestinal disease in the United States: 2012 update. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(5):1179–1187.e3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Huang X, Zhu HM, Deng CZ, Porro GB, Sangaletti O, Pace F. Gastroesophageal reflux: the features in elderly patients. World J Gastroenterol. 1999;5(5):421–3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Shaheen NJ, Falk GW, Iyer PG, Souza RF, Yadlapati RH, Sauer BG, Wani S. Diagnosis and management of Barrett’s esophagus: an updated ACG guideline. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(4):559–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Katz PO, Dunbar KB, Schnoll-Sussman FH, Greer KB, Yadlapati R, Spechler SJ. ACG clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(1):27–56.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Hurwitz A, Brady DA, Schaal SE, Samloff IM, Dedon J, Ruhl CE. Gastric acidity in older adults. JAMA. 1997;278(8):659–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kuo P, Rayner CK, Horowitz M. Gastric emptying, diabetes, and aging. Clin Geriatr Med. 2007;23(4):785–808.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. DeCross AJ, Marshall BJ. The role of Helicobacter pylori in acid-peptic disease. Am J Med Sci. 1993;306:381–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Leung KM, Hui PK, Chan WY, et al. Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis and gastric ulcer: a continuum of progressive epithelial degeneration. Am J Clin Pathol. 1992;98:569–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Tytgat GN, Noach LA, Rauws EA. Helicobacter pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 1993;22(1):127–39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Pilotto A, Franceschi M. Helicobacter pylori infection in older people. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(21):6364–73.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Li Y, Choi H, Leung K, Jiang F, Graham DY, Leung WK. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection between 1980 and 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8(6):553–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Roggero E, Zucca E, Pinotti G, et al. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in primary low-grade gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:767–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Leandro G, Di Mario F. NSAID and aspirin use by the elderly in general practice: effect on gastrointestinal symptoms and therapies. Drugs Aging. 2003;20:701–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gabriel SE, Jaakkimainendl BC. Risk for serious gastrointestinal complications related to use of NSAIDs: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:787–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Griffin MR, Piper JM, Daughtery MS, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and increased risk for peptic ulcer disease in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:257–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Samloff IM, Rotter JI, Siurala M, et al. Aging gastric mucosal histology and gastric secretory function. Gastroenterology. 1989;96:297–303.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Almouradi T, Hiatt T, Attar B. Gastric intestinal metaplasia in an underserved population in the USA: prevalence, epidemiologic and clinical features. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:856256.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Gupta S, Li D, El Serag HB, Davitkov P, Altayar O, Sultan S, Falck-Ytter Y, Mustafa RA. AGA clinical practice guidelines on management of gastric intestinal metaplasia. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(3):693–702.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Cooper BT. Menetrier’s disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1987;5:33–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Delpre G, Kadish V, Glanz I. Metoclopramide in the treatment of gastric bezoars. Am J Gastroenterol. 1984;79:739.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Borum MA. Peptic-ulcer disease in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 1999;15:457–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Shivanand G, Seema S, Srivastava DN, et al. Gastric volvulus: acute and chronic presentation. Clin Imaging. 2003;27:265–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Soll AH, Weinstein WM, Kurata J, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and peptic ulcer disease. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:307–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Fries JF, Miller SR, Spitz PW, et al. Toward an epidemiology of gastropathy associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use. Gastroenterology. 1989;96(Suppl):647–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Klamer TW, Mahr MM. Giant duodenal ulcer: a dangerous variant of a common illness. Am J Surg. 1978;135:760–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Loffeld RJLF, Stobbeningh E, Arends JW. A review of diagnostic techniques for Helicobacter pylori infection. Dig Dis. 1993;11:173–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. NIH Consensus Development Panel. NIH consensus conference on Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. JAMA. 1994;272:65–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Marshall BJ. Helicobacter pylori. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89:S116–28.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Tytgat GNJ. Review article: treatments that impact favorably upon the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and ulcer recurrence. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1994;8:359–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Reinus JF, Brandt LJ. Lower intestinal bleeding in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 1991;7:301–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Rosen AM. Gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 1999;15:511–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Kaplan RC, et al. Risk factors for hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding among older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:126–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Hudson N, Gaulkner G, Smith SJ, et al. Late mortality in elderly patients surviving acute peptic ulcer bleeding. Gut. 1995;37:177–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Farrell JJ, Friedman LS. Gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2001;30:377–407.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Bresci G. Occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: causes and diagnostic approach in 2009. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;1(1):3–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Zia Ziabari SM, Rimaz S, Shafaghi A, Shakiba M, Pourkazemi Z, Karimzadeh E, Amoukhteh M. Blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio in differentiation of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleedings; a diagnostic accuracy study. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2019;7(1):e30.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Lieberman D. Gastrointestinal bleeding: initial management. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 1993;22:723–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Pallin DJ, Saltzman JR. Is nasogastric tube lavage in patients with acute upper GI bleeding indicated or antiquated? Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(5):981–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Thandassery RB, Sharma M, John AK, Al-Ejji KM, Wani H, Sultan K, Al-Mohannadi M, Yakoob R, Derbala M, Al-Dweik N, Butt MT, Al-Kaabi SR. Clinical application of AIMS65 scores to predict outcomes in patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Clin Endosc. 2015;48(5):380–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Oakland K, Kothiwale S, Forehand T, et al. External validation of the Oakland score to assess safe hospital discharge among adult patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209630.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Elta G. Approach to the patient with gross gastrointestinal bleeding. In: Yamada T, Alpers DH, Owyang C, et al., editors. Textbook of gastroenterology. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott; 1991. p. 591–616.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lau JYW, Leung JW. Injection therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 1997;7:575–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Miyanaga R, Hosoe N, Naganuma M, Hirata K, Fukuhara S, Nakazato Y, Ojiro K, Iwasaki E, Yahagi N, Ogata H, Kanai T. Complications and outcomes of routine endoscopy in the very elderly. Endosc Int Open. 2018;6(2):E224–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Doemeny J, Baum SB. Angiographic diagnosis in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Semin Intervent Radiol. 1988;5:1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Fiorito JJ, Brandt LJ, Kozicky O, et al. The diagnostic yield of superior mesenteric angiography: correlation with the pattern of gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 1989;84:878.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Kovel G, Benner KG, Rosch J, et al. Aggressive angiographic diagnosis in acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Dig Dis Sci. 1987;32:248–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Bentley DE, Richardson JD. The role of tagged red blood cell imaging in the localization of gastrointestinal bleeding. Arch Surg. 1991;126:821.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Sreedharan A, Martin J, Leontiadis GI, et al. Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(7):CD005415.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Sengupta N, Feuerstein JD, Jairath V, Shergill AK, Strate LL, Wong RJ, Wan D. Management of patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: an updated ACG guideline. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023;118(2):208–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Fisher Z, Brandt LJ. Differentiation of ischemic and ulcerative colitis in the elderly. Gastric Med Today. 1983;2:31–49.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Ozden N, Gurses B. Mesenteric ischemia in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 2007;23(4):871–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Foutch PG. Angiodysplasia of the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:807–18.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Do NL, Nagle D, Poylin VY. Radiation proctitis: current strategies in management. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011;2011:917941.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Dumic I, Nordin T, Jecmenica M, et al. Gastrointestinal tract disorders in older age. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;2019:6757524.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Rashtak S, Murray JA. Celiac disease in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2009;38(3):433–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Campbell CB, Roberts RK, Cowen AE. The changing clinical presentation of coeliac disease in adults. Med J Aust. 1977;1(4):89–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. West J, Logan RF, Hill PG, et al. Seroprevalence, correlates, and characteristics of undetected coeliac disease in England. Gut. 2003;52(7):960–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Oldenburg WA, Lau LL, Rodenberg TJ, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia: a clinical review. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(10):1054–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Clark ET, Gerwitz BL. Mesenteric ischemia. In: Principles of critical care. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998. p. 1279–86.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Elphick HL, Elphick DA, Sanders DS. Small bowel bacterial overgrowth. An underrecognized cause of malnutrition in older adults. Geriatrics. 2006;61(9):21–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Rana SV, Malik A. Hydrogen breath tests in gastrointestinal diseases. Indian J Clin Biocehm. 2014;29:398–405.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Read NW, Celik AF, Katsinelos P. Constipation and incontinence in the elderly [review]. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1995;20:61–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Camilleri M, Lee JS, Viramontes B, et al. Constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and diverticulosis in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:1142–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Brocklehurst JC, Kirkland JL, Martin J, Ashford J. Constipation in long stay elderly patients; its treatment and prevention by lactulose, poloxalkol-dihydroxyanthro- quinolone and phosphate enemas. Gerontology. 1983;29:181–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Kang SJ, Cho YS, Lee TH, Kim SE, Ryu HS, Kim JW, Park SY, Lee YJ, Shin JE, Constipation Research Group of the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. Medical management of constipation in elderly patients: systematic review. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021;27(4):495–512.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Horrigan J, Bhumi S, Miller D, Jafri M, Tadros M. Management of opioid-induced constipation in older adults. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2023;57(1):39–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Chiarioni G, Whitehead WE, Pezza V, Morelli A, Bassotti G. Biofeedback is superior to laxatives for normal transit constipation due to pelvic floor dyssynergia. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(3):657–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Nguyen T. The role of docusate for constipation in older people. Sr Care Pharm. 2021;36(10):501–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Chang L, Sultan S, Lembo A, Verne GN, Smalley W, Heidelbaugh JJ. AGA clinical practice guideline on the pharmacological management of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Gastroenterology. 2022 Jul;163(1):118–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Munchiando JF, Kendall K. Comparison of the effectiveness of two bowel programs for CVA patients. Rehabil Nurs. 1993;18:169–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Tobin GW, Brocklehurst JC. Faecal incontinence in residential homes for the elderly: prevalence and prognosis. Age Ageing. 1986;14:65–70.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Whitehead WE, Burgio KL, Engel BT. Biofeedback treatment of fecal incontinence in geriatric patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1985;33:320–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Lembo A, Sultan S, Chang L, Heidelbaugh JJ, Smalley W, Verne GN. AGA clinical practice guideline on the pharmacological management of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Gastroenterology. 2022;163(1):137–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Ehrenpreis ED. Irritable bowel syndrome. 10% to 20% of older adults have symptoms consistent with diagnosis. Geriatrics. 2005;60(1):25–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Clinical Decision Support Tool. IBS treatment. Gastroenterology. 2022;163(1):152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Liu J, Chey WD, Haller E, Eswaran S. Low-FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome: what we know and what we have yet to learn. Annu Rev Med. 2020;71:303–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. By the 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023;71(7):2052–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18372. Epub ahead of print.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Whiteway J, Morson BC. Pathology of ageing: diverticular disease. Clin Gastroenterol. 1985;14:829–35. Campbell K, Steele RJC. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and complicated diverticular disease: a case- controlled study. Br J Surg. 1991;78:190–193.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Schembri J, Bonello J, Christodoulou DK, Katsanos KH, Ellul P. Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis: is it the coexistence of colonic diverticulosis and inflammatory bowel disease? Ann Gastroenterol. 2017;30(3):257–61. https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2017.0126. Epub 2017 Jan 31. PMID: 28469355; PMCID: PMC5411375.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. Au S, Aly EH. Treatment of uncomplicated acute diverticulitis without antibiotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019;62:1533–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Farrell RJ, Farrell JJ, Morrin MM. Diverticular disease in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2001;30:475–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Eastwood MA, Smith AN, Brydon WG, et al. Comparison of bran, ispaghula and lactulose on colon function in diverticular disease. Gut. 1978;19:1144–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Taleban S, Colombel JF, Mohler MJ, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease and the elderly: a review. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9:507–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Dhaliwal A, Zeino Z, Tomkins C, et al. Utility of faecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease: what cut-offs should we apply? Frontline Gastroenterology. 2015 Jan; 6(1):14–19.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Ananthakrishnan AN, Nguyen GC, Bernstein CN. AGA clinical practice update on management of inflammatory bowel disease in elderly patients: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(1):445–51. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.060. Epub 2020 Oct 1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Fekety R. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92:739–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Tajiri K, Shimizu Y. Liver physiology and liver diseases in the elderly. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:8459–67.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  97. Onji M, Fujioka S, Takeuchi Y, Takaki T, Osawa T, Yamamoto K, Itoshima T. Clinical characteristics of drug-induced liver injury in the elderly. Hepatol Res. 2009;39:546–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Talwalkar JA, Lindor KD. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet. 2003;362:53–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Potter JF, James OF. Clinical features and prognosis of alcoholic liver disease in respect of advancing age. Gerontology. 1987;33:380–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Werkgartner G, Wagner D, Manhal S, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Mischinger HJ, Wagner M, Grgic R, Roller RE, Kniepeiss D. Long-term quality of life of liver transplant recipients beyond 60 years of age. Age (Dordr). 2013;35:2485–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Ross SO, Forsmark CE. Pancreatic and biliary disorders in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2001;30(2):531–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Ingber S, Jacobson IM. Biliary and pancreatic disease in the elderly. In: Gastrointestinal disorders in the elderly. 2021.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Cox M, Perez A. Benign disease of the gallbladder and pancreas in the elderly. In: Principles and practice of geriatric surgery. Cham: Springer; 2020. p. 1051–65.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  104. Park W, Chawla A, Reilly EM. Pancreatic cancer: a review. JAMA. 2021;326:851–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Tonini V, Zanni M. Pancreatic cancer in 2021: what you need to know to win. World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27:5851–89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA

    Jesse Stondell, Christine Shieh, Bao Sean Nguyen & Alex Zhornitskiy

  2. Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Joane A. P. Wilson

Authors
  1. Jesse Stondell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christine Shieh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bao Sean Nguyen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alex Zhornitskiy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Joane A. P. Wilson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christine Shieh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. California Association of Long Term Care Medicine, Newbury Park, CA, USA

    Michael R. Wasserman

  2. Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA

    Debra Bakerjian

  3. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA

    Sunny Linnebur

  4. Division of Geriatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Sharon Brangman

  5. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Matteo Cesari

  6. Section of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Beverly Hills, CA, USA

    Sonja Rosen

Section Editor information

  1. California Association of Long Term Care Medicine, Newbury Park, CA, USA

    Michael R. Wasserman M.D., CMD

  2. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Matteo Cesari MD, PhD

  3. Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

    Matteo Cesari MD, PhD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Stondell, J., Shieh, C., Nguyen, B.S., Zhornitskiy, A., Wilson, J.A.P. (2024). Gastrointestinal Disorders in Older Patients. In: Wasserman, M.R., Bakerjian, D., Linnebur, S., Brangman, S., Cesari, M., Rosen, S. (eds) Geriatric Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74720-6_54

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74720-6_54

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-74719-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-74720-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation