Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Palgrave Handbook of Zero Carbon Energy Systems and Energy Transitions pp 1–36Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Energy Transition and Investment Protection in the Global South: The Case of Mozambique

Part of the Palgrave Studies in Energy Transitions book series (PSET)

Abstract

Climate change objectives call for a complete and urgent phasing out of fossil fuels, but countries adopting direct and indirect measures to achieve this objective are likely to breach their obligations under International Investment Law and the contracts they entered with foreign investors. In case of such breaches, investors, especially the carbon majors, have not hesitated to file claims under the relevant Investor-state Dispute Settlement systems (ISDS). The growing number of investor-state litigations and the staggering percentage of fossil fuel related claims have attracted the attention of many scholars who are pointing out the obstacles that such a regime can place (and is actually doing so) to achieving carbon neutrality. This debate is particularly heated in lower-income countries that are heavily dependent on foreign capital influx. Adopting a Global South perspective, this research review Mozambique’s investment regime with the objective of determining the risk of investor-state disputes in the booming fossil fuel industry.

Keywords

  • Mozambique
  • FDI
  • International Investment Law
  • Fossil Fuels phase-out
  • Bilateral Investment Agreements
  • National Investment Law
  • SADC

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

References

National Legislation

  • República de Moçambique, Lei n. 3/1993: Lei de Investimentos

    Google Scholar 

  • República de Moçambique, Lei n. 19/1997: Lei de Terras (Land Law)

    Google Scholar 

  • República de Moçambique, Lei n. 15/2011: Estabelece as Normas orientadoras do Processo de contratação, implementação e monitoria de empreendimentos de parcerias público-privada, de projectos de grande dimensão e de concessões empresariais. (PPP Law)

    Google Scholar 

  • República de Moçambique, Lei n. 20/2014: Lei de Minas (Mining Law)

    Google Scholar 

  • República de Moçambique, Lei n. 21/2014: Lei dos Petróleos (Petroleum Law)

    Google Scholar 

  • República de Moçambique, Decreto-Lei n. 2/2014: Decreto-Lei que estabelece o Regime jurídico e contratual especial aplicável aos projectos de Gás Natural Liquefeito das Áreas 1 e 4 da Bacia do Rovuma (the Rovuma Basin Special Legal Framework)

    Google Scholar 

International Legislation and Cases

  • Acordo de Cooperação e Facilitação de Investimentos entre o Governo da República Federativa do Brasil e o Governo da República de Moçambique, 2014

    Google Scholar 

  • Agreement Between the Government of Japan and the Government of the Republic Of Mozambique On The Reciprocal Liberalisation, Promotion And Protection Of Investment, 2013

    Google Scholar 

  • Southern African Development Community Agreement Amending Annex 1 (Co-operation on Investment) of The Protocol on Finance and Investment, (adopted 31 August 2016, entered into force 24 August 2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • The Consolidated Treaty of the Southern African Development Community; Protocol on Finance and Investment, (adopted 31 August 2016, entered into force 24 August 2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • The Paris Agreement, 2016, opened for signature 12 December 2015, entered into force 22 April 2016. (The Paris Agreement)

    Google Scholar 

  • Occidental Petroleum Corporation and Occidental Exploration and Production Company v. The Republic of Ecuador, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/11, Award 20/12/2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Organization of the Islamic Community investment Agreement (1981)(OIC)

    Google Scholar 

Articles

  • ACLED (2021) Ten Conflicts to Worry about in 2021.

    Google Scholar 

  • African Development Bank (2018) ‘Mozambique Country Strategy Paper 2018 -2022 Supporting Mozambique towards the High5S’, (June), p. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berge, T. L. and St John, T. (2020) Asymmetric diffusion: World Bank “best practice” and the spread of arbitration in national investment laws. Review of International Political Economy, pp. 127. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2020.1719429.

  • Bernasconi-Osterwalder, N. and Johnson, L. (2011) International Investment Law and Sustainable Development: Key Cases from 2000-2010. International Institute for Sustainable Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bettauer, R. J. (2009) ‘India and International Arbitration: The Dabhol Experience’, George Washington International Law Review, 41(2), pp. 381–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bob, U. and Bronkhorst, S. (2011) ‘Environmental conflicts: Key issues and management implications’, African Journal on Conflict Resolution, 10(2), pp. 89–98. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcr.v10i2.63307.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bos, K. and Gupta, J. (2018) Climate change: the risks of stranded fossil fuel assets and resources to the developing world. Third World Quarterly, 39(3), pp. 436–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1387477.

  • Bos, K. and Gupta, J. (2019) ‘Stranded assets and stranded resources: Implications for climate change mitigation and global sustainable development’, Energy Research & Social Science, 56(June 2018), p. 101215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.05.025.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Brauch, M. D. et al. (2019) ‘Treaty on Sustainable Investment for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Aligning International Investment Law with the Urgent Need for Climate Change Action’, Journal of International Arbitration, 36(1), pp. 7–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brauch, M. D. (2020) ‘Reforming International Investment Law for Climate Change Goals’.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buur, L. et al. (2019) ‘Understanding the three key relationships in natural resource investments in Africa: An analytical framework’, The Extractive Industries and Society, 6(4), pp. 1195–1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2019.11.009.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Cai, C. (2018) ‘Balanced Investment Treaties and the BRICS’, in AJIL Unbound. Cambridge University Press, pp. 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1017/aju.2018.64.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Castel-Branco, C. N. (2008) ‘Os mega projectos em Moçambique: que contributo para a economia nacional’, Prepared for the Fórum da Sociedade Civil para Indústria Extractiva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castel-Branco, C. N. (2014) ‘Growth, capital accumulation and economic porosity in Mozambique: social losses, private gains’, Review of African Political Economy, 41(sup1), pp. 26–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2014.976363.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Castel-Branco, C. N. (2017) ‘Crises económicas e estruturas de acumulação de capital em Moçambique’, in Desafios para Moçambique 2017. IESE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chizenga, A. P. (2016) Mineração e conflito ambiental: disputas em torno da implantação do megaprojeto da Vale na bacia carbonífera de Moatize, Moçambique, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, S. M. (2016) Climate Conflicts - A Case of International Environmental and Humanitarian Law, Climate Conflicts - A Case of International Environmental and Humanitarian Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27945-9.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Côté, C. (2014) A chilling effect? The impact of international investment agreements on national regulatory autonomy in the areas of health, safety and the environment, London School of Economics. The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunguara, B. et al. (2012) ‘Growth without change? A case study of economic transformation in Mozambique’, Journal of African Development, 14(2), pp. 105–130.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • de Wet, E. (2020) The Controversial Role of Litigation in the Struggle to Revive Individual Access to the Tribunal of the Southern African Development Community. International Organizations Law Review, pp. 133. https://doi.org/10.1163/15723747-2020022.

  • Di Salvatore, L. (2021) Investor State Disputes in the Fossil Fuel Industry. International Institute for Sustainable Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dondeyne, S. and Durang, T. (2012) O Meio Ambiente em Moçambique: Notas para reflexão sobre a situação actual e os desafios para o futuro. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1079.2648.

  • Erickson, P. et al. (2015) Assessing carbon lock-in. Environmental Research Letters, 10(8), p. 84023.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, P., Lazarus, M. and Piggot, G. (2018) Limiting fossil fuel production as the next big step in climate policy. Nature Climate Change, 8(12), pp. 10371043. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0337-0.

  • Franck, S. D. (2005) ‘Occidental Exploration & Production Co. v. Republic of Ecuador. Final Award. London Court of International Arbitration Administered Case No. UN 3467’, The American Journal of International Law, 99(3), pp. 675–681.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Friends of the Earth and Justiça Ambiental (2020) Do eldorado do gás ao caos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaulin, N. and Le Billon, P. (2020) Climate change and fossil fuel production cuts: assessing global supply-side constraints and policy implications, Climate Policy, 20(8), pp. 888901. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2020.1725409.

  • Gordon, K. and Pohl, J. (2011) ‘Environmental concerns in international investment agreements: A survey’, Available at SSRN 1856465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, F. and Denniss, R. (2018) ‘Cutting with both arms of the scissors: the economic and political case for restrictive supply-side climate policies’, Climatic Change, 150(1–2), pp. 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2162-x.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, P. (2017) ‘CDP: Carbon Majors Report 2017’, The Carbon Majors Database, (July), pp. 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanlon, J. (2017) ‘Following the donor-designed path to Mozambique’s US$2.2 billion secret debt deal’, Third World Quarterly, 38(3), pp. 753–770. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1241140.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Van Harten, G. (2020) The Trouble with Foreign Investor Protection. Oxford University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Henin, P. et al. (2019) ‘Innovating international investment agreements: A proposed green investment protocol for climate change mitigation and adaptation’, Journal of International Arbitration, 36(1), pp. 37–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Human Rights Watch (2013) ‘What is a House without Food?’: Mozambique’s Coal Mining Boom and Resettlements.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, M. (2005) ‘Natural Resources, Conflicts, and Conflicts Resolution’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49(4), pp. 508–537. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002705277545.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • IEA (2019) World Energy Investment 2019, World Energy Investment. IEA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakob, M. and Hilaire, J. (2015) Unburnable fossil-fuel reserves. Nature, 517(7533), pp. 150151. https://doi.org/10.1038/517150a.

  • Janeba, E. (2019) ‘Regulatory chill and the effect of investor state dispute settlements’, Review of International Economics, 27(4), pp. 1172–1198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, L., Sachs, L. and Lobel, N. (2019) ‘Aligning International Investment Agreements with the Sustainable Development Goals’, Colum. J. Transnat’l L., 58, p. 58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Justiça Ambiental (2019) The Economics of Coal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirshner, J. (2017) A Luta Continua: Contending high and low carbon energy transitions in Mozambique, in Broto, M. P. S. B. V. C. (ed.) Routledge Energy Geographies Companion. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 347361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirshner, J., Broto, V. C. and Baptista, I. (2019) ‘Energy landscapes in Mozambique: The role of the extractive industries in a post-conflict environment’, Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19866212.

  • Langa, E. (2017) ‘Dependência de megaprojectos e desindustrialização prematura em Moçambique’, in de Brito, L. et al. (eds) Desafios para Moçambique. Maputo, Mozambique: IESE, pp. 165–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, M. and Van Asselt, H. (2018) ‘Fossil fuel supply and climate policy: exploring the road less taken’, Climatic Change, 150(1–2), pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2266-3.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Leaton, J. et al. (2013) Unburnable Carbon 2013: Wasted capital and stranded assets.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levinson, A. (2008) ‘Pollution Haven Hypothesis’, The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, pp. 485–488. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230226203.1302.

  • Levinson, A. and Taylor, M. S. (2008) ‘UNMASKING THE POLLUTION HAVEN EFFECT’, International Economic Review, 49(1), pp. 223–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2008.00478.x.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lobel, N. and Fermeglia, M. (2018) ‘Investment Protection and Unburnable Carbon: Competing Commitments in International Investment and Climate Governance’, Diritto del Commercio Internazionale, 4, pp. 945–976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macuane, J. J. (2012) Economic and political liberalization, dependency and elite formation in contemporary Mozambique. DIIS Working Paper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macuane, J. J. and Muianga, C. (2020) Natural resources, institutions, and economic transformation in Mozambique. 2020/136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macuane, J. J., Buur, L. and Monjane, C. M. (2018) ‘Power, conflict and natural resources: The Mozambican crisis revisited’, African Affairs, 117(468), pp. 415–438. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adx029.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, K. (2008) International Investment Law And Climate Change: Issues In The Transition To A Low Carbon World, SIEL Working Paper No 27/08. Working Paper No. 27/08. Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, K. (2019) Research Handbook on Environment and Investment Law, Research Handbook on Environment and Investment Law. Cheltenham, Gloucestershire: Edward Elgar Publishing (Research Handbooks in Environmental Law series). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784714635.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Millimet, D. L. and Roy, J. (2016) ‘Empirical Tests of the Pollution Haven Hypothesis When Environmental Regulation is Endogenous’, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31(4), pp. 652–677. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.2451.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Muianga, C. (2019) ‘Investimento, recursos naturais e Desafios para Moçambique’, in Chichava, S. I. (ed.) Desafios para Moçambique 2019. Maputo: IESE Maputo, pp. 147–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muttitt, G. et al. (2016) The Skys Limit: Why the Paris climate goals require a managed decline of fossil fuel production. Edited by C. Rees. Oil Change International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngobeni, L. and Fagbayibo, B. (2016) ‘The Investor-State Dispute Resolution Forum under the SADC Protocol on Finance and Investment: Challenges and opportunities for effective harmonisation’, Law, Democracy & Development, 19(1), p. 175. https://doi.org/10.4314/ldd.v19i1.9.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ngobeni, L. and Fagbayibo, B. (2017) ‘Recent Developments in the Regulation of Investor-State Dispute Resolution: Any Lessons for the Southern African Development Community?’, African Journal of Legal Studies, 10(2–3), pp. 180–204. https://doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340021.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Republic of Mozambique (2018) Projected Government Revenues from Gas Projects. Maputo.

    Google Scholar 

  • República de Moçambique (2015) Estratégia Nacional De Desenvolvimento Mocambique (2015-2035). MOzambique.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ripple, W. J. et al. (2019) World Scientists Warning of a Climate Emergency. BioScience. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz088.

  • Roe, A. R. (2018) Extractive industries and development: Lessons from international experience for Mozambique.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roe, D., Seddon, N. and Elliott, J. (2018) ‘Biodiversity loss is a development issue: A rapid review of evidence’, The Lancet Planetary Health, 3(7), pp. 287–289.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, L., Johnson, L. and Merrill, E. (2020) ‘Environmental Injustice: How Treaties Undermine Human Rights Related to the Environment’.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salimo, P., Buur, L. and Macuane, J. J. (2020) ‘The politics of domestic gas: The Sasol natural gas deals in Mozambique’, Extractive Industries and Society, 7(4), pp. 1219–1229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.05.017.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • SEI et al. (2019) The Production Gap: The discrepancy between countries’ planned fossil fuel production and global production levels consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C or 2°C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seto, K. C. et al. (2016) ‘Carbon Lock-In: Types, Causes, and Policy Implications’, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41(1), pp. 425–452. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085934.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Sornarajah, M. (2017) The international law on foreign investment. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tienhaara, K. (2006) ‘Mineral investment and the regulation of the environment in developing countries: lessons from Ghana’, International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 6(4), pp. 371–394.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Tienhaara, K. (2009) ‘The expropriation of environmental governance: protecting foreign investors at the expense of public policy’.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tienhaara, K. (2018) ‘Regulatory Chill in a Warming World: The Threat to Climate Policy Posed by Investor-State Dispute Settlement’, Transnational Environmental Law, 7(2), pp. 229–250. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2047102517000309.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Tienhaara, K. and Cotula, L. (2020) Raising the cost of climate action? Edited by IIED. London: IIED.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tollefson, J. (2021) ‘COVID curbed carbon emissions in 2020 - but not by much’, Nature, 589(7842), p. 343. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00090-3.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Trisos, C. H., Merow, C. and Pigot, A. L. (2020) ‘The projected timing of abrupt ecological disruption from climate change’, Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2189-9.

  • Tudela, F. (2020) Obstacles and opportunities for moratoria on oil and gas exploration or extraction in Latin America and the Caribbean. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2020.1760772.

  • UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review: Mozambique, Investment Policy Review. Edited by UNCTAD. UN.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP (2020) Emissions Gap Report 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viñuales, J. E. (2012) Foreign investment and the environment in international law. Edited by ProQuest. Cambridge: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viñuales, J. E. (2016) Foreign investment and the environment in international law: The current state of play, Research Handbook on Environment and Investment Law. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784714635.00007.

  • Viñuales, J. E. (2019) ‘Foreign investment and the environment in international law: current trends’, Research Handbook on Environment and Investment Law, 18(2017), pp. 12–37. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784714635.00007.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Weimer, B. and Carrilho, J. (2017) Political Economy of Decentralisation in Mozambique. Maputo, Institute for Social and Economic Studies (IESE).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiegink, N. (2018) ‘Imagining Booms and Busts: Conflicting Temporalities and the Extraction-“Development” nexus in Mozambique’, The Extractive Industries and Society, 5(2), pp. 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2018.02.012.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2014) How wealthy is Mozambique after the discovery of coal and gas? Measuring wealth in Mozambique using the wealth accounting framework.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Y., Ramanathan, V. and Victor, D. G. (2018) ‘Global warming will happen faster than we think’, Nature, 564(7734), p. 30. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07586-5.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, D. and Shi, M. (2017) ‘Multiple environmental policies and pollution haven hypothesis: Evidence from China’s polluting industries’, Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, pp. 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.091.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

Books

  • Christiansen, S. M. (2016) Climate Conflicts - A case of international environmental and humanitarian law, Climate Conflicts - A Case of International Environmental and Humanitarian Law. Springer Internatinal Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27945-9.

  • Miles, K. (2019) Research Handbook on Environment and Investment Law. Edward Elgar Publishing (Research Handbooks in Environmental Law series). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784714635.

  • Sornarajah, M. (2017) The international law on foreign investment. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tienhaara, K. (2009) ‘The expropriation of environmental governance: protecting foreign investors at the expense of public policy’.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Harten, G. (2020) The Trouble with Foreign Investor Protection. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viñuales, J. E. (2012) Foreign investment and the environment in international law. Edited by ProQuest. Cambridge: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weimer, B. and Carrilho, J. (2017) Political Economy of Decentralisation in Mozambique. Maputo, Institute for Social and Economic Studies (IESE).

    Google Scholar 

Reports

  • ACLED (2021) Ten Conflicts to Worry about in 2021.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friends of the Earth and Justiça Ambiental (2020) Do eldorado do gás ao caos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, P. (2017) ‘CDP: Carbon Majors Report 2017’, The Carbon Majors Database, (July), pp. 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Human Rights Watch (2013) ‘What is a House without Food?’: Mozambique’s Coal Mining Boom and Resettlements.

    Google Scholar 

  • IEA (2019) World Energy Investment 2019, World Energy Investment. IEA.

    Google Scholar 

  • IEA (2020) World Energy Investment 2020, World Energy Investment. IEA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Justiça Ambiental (2019) The Economics of Coal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinto, F. V., Teles, J. G. and Rocha, P. D. (2019) ‘Mozambique’, in The Middle Eastern and African Arbitration Review 2019. 2019th edn. Global Arbitration Review: Global Arbitration Review (GlobalArbitrationReview.com).

  • Pinto, F. V., Teles, J. G. and Rocha, P. D. (2020) ‘Mozambique’, in The Middle Eastern and African Arbitration Review 2020. 2020th edn. Global Arbitration Review: Global Arbitration Review (GlobalArbitrationReview.com).

  • SEI et al. (2019) The Production Gap: The discrepancy between countries’ planned fossil fuel production and global production levels consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C or 2°C.

    Google Scholar 

  • SEI et al. (2020) The Production Gap: 2020 Special Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tienhaara, K. and Cotula, L. (2020) Raising the cost of climate action? Edited by IIED. London: IIED.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNCTAD (2013) Investment Policy Review: Mozambique, Investment Policy Review. Edited by UNCTAD. UN.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNCTAD (2020a) International Investment Agreements. Reform Accelerator. Edited by UNCTAD. UNCTAD.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNCTAD (2020b) ‘Investor-State Dispute Settlemente Cases pass the 1,000 mark: Cases and Outcomes in 2019’, IIA Issues Note, July(2), p. 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP (2020) Emissions Gap Report 2020.

    Google Scholar 

Policies and Official Documents

  • African Development Bank (2018) ‘Mozambique Country Strategy Paper 2018 -2022 Supporting Mozambique towards the High5S’, (June), p. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Republic of Mozambique (2018) Projected Government Revenues from Gas Projects. Maputo.

    Google Scholar 

  • República de Moçambique (2015) Estratégia Nacional De Desenvolvimento Mocambique (2015-2035). MOzambique.

    Google Scholar 

Newspaper Articles and Blogposts

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Law, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Lea Di Salvatore

Authors
  1. Lea Di Salvatore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lea Di Salvatore .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lecturer in Energy and Environmental Law, School of Law, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK

    Dr. Geoffrey Wood

  2. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

    Dr. Vincent Onyango

  3. Schl of Architecture and Built Env, University of Wolverhampton, WOLVERHAMPTON, UK

    Dr. Komali Yenneti

  4. Markets and Policy Associate, European Federation of Energy Traders (EFET), Toronto, Canada

    Dr. Maria Anastasia Liakopoulou

Section Editor information

  1. School of Law, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom

    Geoff Wood

  2. University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

    Vincent Onyango

  3. Australia India Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Komali Yenneti

  4. School of Architecture and Built Environment, Univerity of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK

    Komali Yenneti

  5. European Federation of Energy Traders, Brussels, Belgium

    Mariana Liakopoulou

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Di Salvatore, L. (2022). Energy Transition and Investment Protection in the Global South: The Case of Mozambique. In: Wood, G., Onyango, V., Yenneti, K., Liakopoulou, M.A. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Zero Carbon Energy Systems and Energy Transitions. Palgrave Studies in Energy Transitions. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74380-2_26-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74380-2_26-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-74380-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-74380-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social Sciences

Chapter History

  1. Latest

    Energy Transition and Investment Protection in the Global South: The Case of Mozambique
    Published:
    26 November 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74380-2_26-2

  2. Original

    Energy Transition and Investment Protection in the Global South: The Case of Mozambique
    Published:
    06 August 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74380-2_26-1

search

Navigation