Definition
Amylin was discovered in 1987 and was identified as the major component of islet amyloid, which is commonly found in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Amylin belongs to the calcitonin peptide family, which includes calcitonin (CT), α- and β-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin, and intermedin/adrenomedullin 2. Members of this family play important roles in the regulation of several important homeostatic processes and thus have been drug targets of interest (Hay et al. 2015).
Amylin is a naturally occurring ~4 kDa peptide hormone composed of 37 amino acids with an intramolecular disulfide bridge between cysteine residues at positions 2 and 7 and an amidated C-terminus. Both of these are essential for amylin to carry out its biological activity (Bower and Hay 2016).
The gene encoding human amylin is located on chromosome 12, which transcribes in humans as an 89-amino acid precursor. The...
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References
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Chuang, CL., Hay, D.L. (2021). Amylin. In: Offermanns, S., Rosenthal, W. (eds) Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57401-7_10021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57401-7_10021
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