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Handbook of Climate Change Management pp 167–193Cite as

Biotechnology Role in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Sustainable Crop Production

Abstract

The impacts of climate change on food production are increasing global threats, and the degree of the impacts on a nation’s crop productivity depends largely on the availability of technological expertise for their mitigation. Agriculture in Nigeria is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change with increasing drought, flooding, and incidence of pests and diseases as the major factors induced or exacerbated by climate change scenarios. The impacts of these abiotic and biotic factors result in low crop productivity, hunger, poverty, and diseases as prevalent in Nigeria. Biotechnology is a veritable tool that can be deployed for rapid responses to the impacts of climate change on agriculture. The focus of biotechnology in dealing with these issues includes reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and development of climate-resilient crops. Modern biotechnology has additional capacity to combine multiple traits in a single crop variety to produce varieties adapted to multiple environmental stresses. Modern biotechnology has also created unlimited opportunities for crop improvement through its capacity to source genes for desired traits from distantly related species. This chapter examined the anthropogenic causes of climate change and the current status of biotechnology response strategies in Nigeria. It revealed increasing deforestation, fossil fuel combustion, agricultural activities, and poor waste management, exacerbated by population pressure and economic growth, as major anthropogenic factors driving climate change in the country, and highlights the need for Nigeria to strengthen her capacity to deal with climate change issues using biotechnology approaches.

Keywords

  • Climate change
  • Agriculture
  • Biotechnology
  • Resilient crops
  • Food security
  • Nigeria

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

    Celestine Azubuike Afiukwa, David Okeh Igwe & Benjamin Ewa Ubi

  2. Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    David Okeh Igwe

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  1. Celestine Azubuike Afiukwa
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  2. David Okeh Igwe
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  3. Benjamin Ewa Ubi
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Correspondence to Celestine Azubuike Afiukwa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Dr. Johannes M. Luetz

  2. College of Development Studies Food Security Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Dr. Desalegn Ayal

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Afiukwa, C.A., Igwe, D.O., Ubi, B.E. (2021). Biotechnology Role in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Sustainable Crop Production. In: Luetz, J.M., Ayal, D. (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57281-5_332

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