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Pathology of the Conjunctiva

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Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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Abstract

The conjunctiva is a mucous membrane that covers and connects the posterior surface of the eyelids to the anterior surface of the eyeball. The conjunctiva plays a critical role in maintaining ocular health through its protective, nutritive, and immunologic functions. The conjunctiva contributes to the stability of the tear film by secreting mucin. Conjunctival vasculature provides nutrition to the avascular cornea. The conjunctiva forms a mechanical barrier to infectious agents and toxins and plays an important role in immunologic surveillance and immune-medicated responses as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The conjunctiva can be involved by various infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and degenerative disease processes. The most common pathologic processes of the conjunctiva are degenerative and inflammatory in nature, such as pinguecula, pterygium, and exuberant granulation tissue. The most common conjunctival malignancy is squamous cell carcinoma. This chapter reviews conjunctival anatomy and histology and various disease processes with an emphasis on pathology. Conjunctival pathology is considered in the following categories: (1) congenital and developmental anomalies, (2) inflammations and infections, (3) degenerations, (4) tumors, and (5) systemic diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Tatyana Milman

  2. Ophthalmology and Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital and Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Tatyana Milman

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  1. Tatyana Milman
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Correspondence to Tatyana Milman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science, Portland, OR, USA

    Daniel M. Albert

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Joan W. Miller

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Dimitri T. Azar

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Lucy H. Young

Section Editor information

  1. Anatomic Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA

    Anna M. Stagner

  2. Ophthalmic Pathology and Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

    Natalie Wolkow

  3. David Glendenning Cogan Laboratory of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

    Thaddeus Dryja

  4. David Glendenning Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, USA

    Frederick A. Jakobiec

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Milman, T. (2022). Pathology of the Conjunctiva. In: Albert, D.M., Miller, J.W., Azar, D.T., Young, L.H. (eds) Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42634-7_128

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42634-7_128

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-42633-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-42634-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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