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Gums

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Polysaccharides of Microbial Origin

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Abstract

Microbial gums are hydrophilic homo- or hetero-polysaccharides of high molecular weight, which can be produced and secreted by yeast and bacteria cells. Production of these biopolymers by microorganisms with stable chemical characteristics and having biomedical properties may be carried out on a large scale. Gums can cause the death of microorganisms, and chemical modifications can be useful to improve the antimicrobial action. Antioxidant effects are reported for different exopolysaccharides (EPSs) by their scavenging ability on different free radicals. EPSs already displayed effective action against topical wounds acting as micro-/nanocarrier and immobilizing matrix. EPSs produced mainly by fungi and bacteria were also investigated in terms of its antitumor effects via in vitro cell line studies and in vivo protocols using animal models. At least four mechanisms could be associated to anticancer activity by EPSs, enabling some polysaccharides to act through multiple pathways. Innovative materials based on microbial gums have been developed to promote controlled drug delivery in pharmaceutical research because of their functional properties, biodegradability, and biosafety characteristics. Despite their potential, some difficulties in their production and purification processes may result in high cost and lower yields, reducing their commercial applications. Several studies based on different methods have been developed to improve the viability of microbial gums production and their applications. Thus, this chapter aims to report on important biological properties of microbial gums, ways in which such actions can be improved, and the main challenges in working with these polysaccharides.

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Acknowledgments

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) is recognized for fellowships (LCBBC and MTSC) and grants. This work was also supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).

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  1. Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho and Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Weslley Felix de Oliveira, Priscila Marcelino dos Santos Silva, Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho & Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia

  2. Departamento de Medicina, Universidade de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil

    Priscilla Barbosa Sales Albuquerque

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  1. Weslley Felix de Oliveira
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  3. Priscila Marcelino dos Santos Silva
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  5. Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    Joaquim Miguel Oliveira

  2. 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    Hajer Radhouani

  3. 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal

    Rui L. Reis

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de Oliveira, W.F., Albuquerque, P.B.S., dos Santos Silva, P.M., Coelho, L.C.B.B., dos Santos Correia, M.T. (2022). Gums. In: Oliveira, J.M., Radhouani, H., Reis, R.L. (eds) Polysaccharides of Microbial Origin. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42215-8_4

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