Skip to main content

Culturally Adaptive Suicide Assessment Utilizing Resilience and Reasons For Living

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Book cover Suicide Risk Assessment and Prevention

Abstract

Standard approaches to suicide risk assessment tend to include a systematic review of risk, means restriction, and crisis management, focusing on negative emotional states, negative personality traits, and interpersonal difficulties. While these are important pieces of information, suicide risk assessment does not typically consider the risk and protective factors unique to the individual’s cultural identity. Bearing in mind an individual’s cultural identity may provide important insights into the attributes and attitudes that enable individuals to not only survive chronic challenging life circumstances but to thrive despite these challenges. Integrating resilience and reasons for living with standard suicide risk assessment provides a deeper understanding of the protective factors related to the individual’s cultural identity and facilitates a culturally adaptive approach to assessment and treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 649.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 699.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). WISQARS Leading Causes of Death Reports. Retrieved from: https://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/leadcause.html

  2. Chu J, Floyd R, Diep H, Pardo S, Goldblum P, Bongar B. A tool for the culturally competent assessment of suicide: the cultural assessment of risk for suicide (CARS) measure. Psychol Assess. 2013;25(2):424–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Preventing Suicide [Internet]. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC; 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 15]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/Suicide-factsheet_508.pdf

  4. Clay RA. The cultural distinctions in whether, when and how people engage in suicidal behavior. American Psychological Association. 2018;49.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Paul JP, Catania J, Pollack L, Moskowitz J, Canchola J, Mills T, … & Stall R. Suicide attempts among gay and bisexual men: lifetime prevalence and antecedents. Am J Public Health, 92(8), 1338–1345 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Herrell R, Goldberg J, True WR, Ramakrishnan V, Lyons M, Eisen S, Tsuang MT. Sexual orientation and suicidality: a co-twin control study in adult men. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56(10):867–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Guidelines on multicultural education. Training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists. Am Psychol. 2003;58(5):377–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rogers JR, Russell EJ. A framework for bridging cultural barriers in suicide risk assessment. Couns Psychol. 2013;42(1):55–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Westefeld JS, Range LM, Rogers JR, Maples MR, Bromley JL, Alcorn J. Suicide: an overview. Couns Psychol. 2000;28(4):445–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Carter G, Spittal MJ. Suicide risk assessment. Crisis. 2018;39(4):229–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Welton RS. The management of suicidality: assessment and intervention. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2007;4(5):24.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Oquendo MA, Bernanke JA. Suicide risk assessment: tools and challenges. World Psychiatry. 2017;16(1):28–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lotito M, Cook E. A review of suicide risk assessment instruments and approaches. Mental Health Clinician. 2015;5(5):216–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. About the Protocol The Columbia Lighthouse Project [Internet]. The Columbia Lighthouse Project. [cited 2021 Feb 16]. Available from: https://cssrs.columbia.edu/the-columbia-scale-c-ssrs/about-the-scale/

  15. Brown GK. A review of suicide assessment measures for intervention research with adults and older adults. National Institute of Mental Health; 2002 Feb 12

    Google Scholar 

  16. Suicide rising across the US [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2018 [cited 2021 Feb 16]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/suicide/index.html

  17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) [online]. (2020) [Sep 9, 2021]. Available from URL: www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars

  18. Chu JP, Goldblum P, Floyd R, Bongar B. The cultural theory and model of suicide. Appl Prev Psychol. 2010;14(1–4):25–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Odafe M, Talavera DC, Cheref S, Hong HJ, Walker LR. Suicide in racial and ethnic minority adults: a review of the last decade. Curr Psychiatr Rev. 2016;12(2):181–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Chu J, Lin M, Akutsu PD, Joshi SV, Yang LH. Hidden suicidal ideation or intent among Asian American Pacific islanders: a cultural phenomenon associated with greater suicide severity. Asian Am J Psychol. 2018;9(4):262–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Robinson WLV, Case MH, Whipple CR, Gooden AS, Lopez-Tamayo R, Lambert SF, et al. Culturally grounded stress reduction and suicide prevention for African American adolescents. Pract Innov. 2016;1(2):117–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Goldston DB, Molock SD, Whitbeck LB, Murakami JL, Zayas LH, Hall GC. Cultural considerations in adolescent suicide prevention and psychosocial treatment. Am Psychol. 2008;63(1):14–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ryan C, Huebner D, Diaz RM, Sanchez J. Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):346–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Antai-Otong D. Suicide: life span considerations. Nurs Clin N Am. 2003;38(1):137–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Bonanno GA. Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? Am Psychol. 2004;59(1):20–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Risk and Protective Factors [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021 [cited 2021Feb16]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/factors/index.html

  27. Chu JP, Poon G, Kwok KK, Leino AE, Goldblum P, Bongar B. An assessment of training in and practice of culturally competent suicide assessment. Training and Education in Professional Psychology. 2017;11(2):69–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Choi JL, Rogers JR, Werth Jr JL. Suicide risk assessment with Asian American college students: a culturally informed perspective. Couns Psychol. 2009;37(2):186–218.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Stone DM, Holland KM, Bartholow BN, Crosby AE, Davis SP, Wilkins N. Preventing suicide: a technical package of policies, programs, and practice; 2017. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc.44275

  30. Connor KM, Davidson JRT. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Hu T, Zhang D, Wang J. A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health. Personal Individ Differ. 2015;76:18–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Luthar SS, Cicchetti D, Becker B. The construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Dev. 2000;71(3):543–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Masten AS. Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. Am Psychol. 2001;56(3):227–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Harvey J, Delfabbro PH. Psychological resilience in disadvantaged youth: a critical overview. Aust Psychol. 2004;39(1):3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Fergus S, Zimmerman MA. ADOLESCENT RESILIENCE: a framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annu Rev Public Health. 2005;26(1):399–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Herrman H, Stewart DE, Diaz-Granados N, Berger EL, Jackson B, Yuen T. What is resilience?. Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56(5):258–65.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kobasa SC, Maddi SR, Kahn S. Hardiness and health: a prospective study. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1982;42(1):168.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hatzenbuehler ML. How does sexual minority stigma “get under the skin”? A psychological mediation framework. Psychol Bull. 2009;135(5):707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Kumpfer KL. Factors and processes contributing to resilience. In Resilience and development 2002 (pp. 179-224). Springer, Boston, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Linehan MM, Goodstein JL, Nielsen SL, Chiles JA. Reasons for staying alive when you are thinking of killing yourself: the reasons for living inventory. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1983;51(2):276–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Bakhiyi CL, Calati R, Guillaume S, Courtet P. Do reasons for living protect against suicidal thoughts and behaviors? A systematic review of the literature. J Psychiatr Res. 2016;77:92–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Connell DK, Meyer RG. The reasons for living inventory and a college population: adolescent suicidal behaviors, beliefs, and coping skills. J Clin Psychol. 1991;47(4):485–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Morrison LL, Downey DL. Racial differences in self-disclosure of suicidal ideation and reasons for living. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2000;6(4):374–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hovey JD. Acculturative stress, depression, and suicidal ideation in Mexican immigrants. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2000;6(2):134.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Leenaars AA. Suicide: a cross-cultural theory. In Suicide among racial and ethnic minority groups. Routledge, New York, NY; 2010, pp 26–50.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Bowleg L, Huang J, Brooks K, Black A, Burkholder G. Triple jeopardy and beyond: multiple minority stress and resilience among Black lesbians. J Lesbian Stud. 2003;7(4):87–108.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Troy AS, Mauss IB. Resilience in the face of stress: emotion regulation as a protective factor. Resil Ment Health: Chall Across Lifespan. 2011;1(2):30–44.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Joseph S, Linley PA. Growth following adversity: theoretical perspectives and implications for clinical practice. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006;26(8):1041–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Armstrong AR, Galligan RF, Critchley CR. Emotional intelligence and psychological resilience to negative life events. Personal Individ Differ. 2011;51(3):331–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Dervic K, Carballo JJ, Baca-Garcia E, Galfalvy HC, Mann JJ, Brent DA, Oquendo MA. Moral or religious objections to suicide may protect against suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(10):12279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Wang M, Nyutu PN, Tran KK. Coping, reasons for living, and suicide in Black college students. J Couns Dev. 2012;90(4):459–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Kaslow NJ, Price AW, Wyckoff S, Grall MB, Sherry A, Young S, et al. Person factors associated with suicidal behavior among African American women and men. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2004;10(1):5–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Compton M, Thompson N, Kaslow N. Social environment factors associated with suicide attempt among low-income African Americans: the protective role of family relationships and social support. Soc Psychiatric Epidemiolgy. 2005;40(3):175–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Fitzpatrick KK, Euton SJ, Jones JN, Schmidt NB. Gender role, sexual orientation and suicide risk. J Affect Disord. 2005;87(1):35–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Kralovec K, Fartacek C, Fartacek R, Plöderl M. Religion and suicide risk in lesbian, gay and bisexual Austrians. J Relig Health. 2014;53(2):413–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Joiner TE. Why people die by suicide. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Pearlin LI, Schooler C. The structure of coping. J Health Soc Behav. 1978;1:2–1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Russell ST. Beyond risk: resilience in the lives of sexual minority youth. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education. 2005;2(3):5–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Eisenberg ME, Resnick MD. Suicidality among gay, lesbian and bisexual youth: the role of protective factors. J Adolesc Health. 2006;39(5):662–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Cheng JKY, Fancher TL, Ratanasen M, Conner KR, Duberstein PR, Sue S, et al. Lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in Asian Americans. Asian Am J Psychol. 2010;1(1):18–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Choi JL, Rogers JR. Exploring the validity of the college student reasons for living inventory among Asian American College Students. Archives of Suicide Research. 2010;14(3):222–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Augsberger A, Rivera AM, Hahm CT, Lee YA, Choi Y, Hahm HC. Culturally related risk factors of suicidal ideation, intent, and behavior among Asian American women. Asian Am J Psychol. 2018;9(4):252–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Fitzpatrick KM, Piko BF, Miller E. Suicide ideation and attempts among low-income African American adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2008;38(5):552–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Osman A, Downs WR, Kopper BA, Barrios FX, Baker MT, Osman JR, et al. The reasons for living inventory for adolescents (RFL-A): development and psychometric properties. J Clin Psychol. 1998;54(8):1063–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maryke Van Zyl .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Van Zyl, M., Regmi, S., Lemus, C.A., Landeros, A.J. (2022). Culturally Adaptive Suicide Assessment Utilizing Resilience and Reasons For Living. In: Pompili, M. (eds) Suicide Risk Assessment and Prevention. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42003-1_51

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics