Abstract
Airports play an important role in economic growth and are essential hubs for connectivity and trade. With the growth of urban areas, air traffic is increasing consistently, marking the development of regions such as South-East Asia and others. Following cities, most of the major airports are situated in densely populated areas, next to rivers, in deltas and alongside coasts. Many of these urbanized areas are vulnerable to water extremes, which are increased by the effects of climate change, such as sea-level rise, higher temperatures, and greater weather extremes. To protect vital infrastructure and ensure future service continuity for airport operations, it is necessary to develop resilience to such risks. Several airports have recognized the threat posed by floods and have started work on flood protection efforts. Planning for climate resilient airports is not just about protecting infrastructure from flooding. It is also about enabling airports to become more sustainable and improve local climate and energy management – something which airports are going to have to embrace if they are to survive.
References
ACI (Airport Council International). (2018). Resolution 3/2018 on resilience and adaptation to climate change. 57WGB-BRU18-13.c, 57th Meeting of the ACI World Governing Board, Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved from https://aci.aero/Media/c4c7ab75-62b2-457e-b0fe-7d349b6f2d29/2-bOkw/About%20ACI/Overview/ACI%20World%20Resolutions/Brussels,%20Belgium,%202018/57WGB-BRU18-13.c%20Res_Environment.pdf.
Ashford, N. J., Stanton, H. P. M., Moore, C. A., Coutu P., & Beasley, J. R. (2013). Airport Operations (3rd edn). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA.
Balvanyos, T., & Lave, L. B. (2005). The economic implications of terrorist attack on commercial aviation in the USA. Center for risk and economic analysis of terrorism events, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Brown, R., Keath, N., & Wong, T. (2008). Transitioning to water sensitive cities: Ensuring resilience through a new hydrosocial contract. In Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Urban Drainage. Edinburgh, Scotland.
Conway, H. M. (1980). The airport city: development concepts for the 21st century. Rev. ed., Conway Publications, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Davies, R. (2014). Airports and flood threats. Web editorial for Floodlist.com. http://floodlist.com/protection/airport-flood-threats.
De Graaf-van Dinther, R., & Ovink, H. (2021). The five pillars of climate resilience. In: de Graaf-van Dinther, R. (eds), Climate resilient urban areas. Palgrave Studies in Climate Resilient Societies, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57537-3_1.
Dolman, N. (2016). Creating water sensitive airports in times of climate change. 5th Singapore International Water Week (SIWW), Singapore.
Dolman, N. & Vorage, P. (2020). Preparing Singapore Changi Airport for the effects of climate change. Journal of Airport Management, 14(1), 54–66
Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning & the Environment. (1998). Dutch 4th water management memorandum. Hague: Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment.
Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works & Water Management. (2008). 21st-century flood protection programme. Hague: Ministry of Transport, Public Works & Water Management.
Francis, R., & Bekera, B. (2014). A Metric and Frameworks for Resilience Analysis of Engineered and Infrastructure Systems. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 121, 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.07.004.
Haines, T. Lamprecht, M. (2016). Sitting lightly on the landscape. Blog for ADB Safegate, as part of a series about sustainability and airport development, Belgium. http://blog.adbsafegate.com/sitting-lightly-on-the-landscape/#more-1047.
Hallegatte, S. (2006). An adaptive regional input-output model and its application to the assessment of the economic cost of Katrina. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 1, 07, Germany.
Hirsh, M. (2016). Airport urbanism – Infrastructure and mobility in Asia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 232 pp. ISBN 978-0-8166-9610-9.
ICAO. (2017). International civil aviation organization. Annual report of the council – 2016. Canada.
ICAO, International Civil Aviation Organization (2021). Climate Resilient Airports. In: Eco Airport Toolkit e-collection; Montréal, Canada. Retrieved from: https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Documents/Climate%20resilient%20airports.pdf
Kulesa, G. (2003). Weather and aviation: How does weather affect the safety and operations of airports and aviation, and how does FAA work to manage weather-related effects? The 34 potential impacts of climate change on transportation, Conference on The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Transportation, 1 October 2002 – 2 October 2002, Washington, D.C., USA. Retrieved from: https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/kulesa_Weather_Aviation.pdf.
Kuller, M. Dolman, N. Vreeburg, J. Spiller, M. (2015). Scenario analysis of rainwater harvesting and use on a large scale – Assessment of runoff, storage and economic performance for the case study Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Urban Water Journal, 12(7), 1–10.
Lehmann, C. (2019). Characteristics of airports. In: Exploring service productivity. Markt- und Unternehmensentwicklung markets and organisations. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden.
McElroy, A. (2015). Making a resilient airport. Web editorial for UNDRR; the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. https://www.unisdr.org/archive/45701.
Schiphol Airport. (2014). Remediation plan run-off water Schiphol (in Dutch), the Netherlands.
Schulz, A., Baumann, S., & Wiedemann, S. (2010). Flughafen-management. ISBN 978-3-486-59179-8, Oldenbourg, München, Germany.
UNESCO, The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2012). Managing water under uncertainty and risk. The United Nations World Water Development Report 4 (WWDR4), Volume 1. ISBN 978-92-3-001045-4, Paris, France.
UNFCCC The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2014). Private Sector Initiative (PSI) – Database of actions on adaptation. Retrieved from: http://unfccc.int/adaptation/workstreams/nairobi_work_programme/items/6547.php
Van Ruiten, K. Bles, T. Kiel, J. (2016). EU-INTACT-case studies: Impact of extreme weather on critical Infrastructure. Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Flood Risk Management, France.
Verdijk, P. (2020). An airport climate resilience assessment scan – from a theoretical concept to an operational method. Master thesis, University of Twente, the Netherlands.
WEF (World Economic Forum). (2020). Global risks report 2020. Cologny: WEF.
Wilson, D. (2013). Nagging dilemmas in airport expansion (and how to deal with them). Proceedings of the Airfield Engineering and Asset Maintenance 2013 conference, Hong Kong, 3 pp.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Dolman, N., Sindhamani, V., Vorage, P. (2021). Keeping Airports Open in Times of Climatic Extremes: Planning for Climate Resilient Airports. In: The Palgrave Handbook of Climate Resilient Societies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32811-5_8-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32811-5_8-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32811-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32811-5
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences