Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Women’s Empowerment and Women’s Health in Africa

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies

  • 101 Accesses

Abstract

Women’s empowerment and its relationship with women’s health in Africa is the focus of this chapter. Studies show that the higher the level of women’s education and their economic empowerment, the more they are able to take independent decisions, including those that affect their individual health, as well as their capacity to contribute to the processes of making policies that affect them. Governments across Africa have not been proactive in addressing women’s health issues, in spite of signing various international conventions. Lack of empowerment of women has resulted in lack of essential health services for women, and governments are therefore unable to effectively tackle various women’s health challenges including rising incidence of HIV/AIDS and reproductive health problems. Governments need to plan holistic empowerment programs that would enable women to participate in decision-making on women’s health issues, as well as improved access to women’s health services.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acharya, D. R.; Bell, J. S.; Simkhada, P.; van Teijlingen E. R. & Regmi, P. R. (2010). Women’s autonomy in household decision making: A demographic study in Nepal. Reproductive Health, 7(15) https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-715.

  • African Partnership Forum. (2007). Gender and economic empowerment in Africa. In 8th Meeting of the Africa Partnership Forum, Berlin, 22–23 May 2007. Retrieved online on 18th Jan 2019 from www.oecd.org/dac/gender-development/38829148.pdf.

  • Ahmed, S., Creanga, A. A., Gillespie, D. G., & Tsui, A. O. (2010). Economic Status, Education and Empowerment: Implications for Maternal Health Service Utilization in Developing Countries. PLoS ONE, 5(6), 1–6. e11190. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alesina, A., Brioschi, B., & La Ferrara, E. (2016). Violence against women: A cross-cultural analysis for Africa. NBER working Papers, 21901, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR). (2019). Statistics: Women and HIV/AIDS. Accessed from https://www.amfar.org/about-hiv-and-aids/facts-and-stats/statistics%2D%2Dwomen-and-hiv-aids/.

  • Anand, S., & Barnighausen, T. (2004). Human resources and health outcomes: Cross-country econometric study. Lancet, 364, 1603–1609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arber, S. (1990). Opening the black box: Inequalities in women’s health. In P. Abbott & G. Payne (Eds.), New directions in the sociology of health (pp. 37–56). Basingstoke: Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asaolu, I. O., Alaofe, H., Gunn, J. K. L., Adu, A. K., Monroy, A. J., Ehiri, J. E., Hayden, M. H., & Ernst, K. C. (2018). Measuring Women’s empowerment in sub-Saharan Africa: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the demographic and health surveys. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(994), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babalola, S. (2014). Factors associated with use of maternal health services in Haiti: a multilevel analysis. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública. 36(1), 1 PubMed −14. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892014000600001.

  • Basu, A. M., & Stephenson, R. (2005). Low levels of maternal education and the proximate determinants of childhood mortality: A little learning is not a dangerous thing. Social Science and Medicine, 60(9), 2011–2023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, S. S., Wypij, D., & das Gupta, M. (2001). Dimensions of women’s autonomy and the influence on maternal health care utilization in a north Indian city. Demography, 38, 67–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boerma, J. T., Bryce, J., Kinfu, Y., Axelson, V., & Victora, C. G. (2008) Mind the gap: equity and trends in coverage of maternal, newborn, and child health services in 54 Countdown countries. Lancet, 371, 1259–1267. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60560-7.

  • Bourgault, S., Thompson, L., Clement, R., & Casale, T. (2018). Reproductive health: The overlooked yet essential ingredient to women’s economic empowerment. Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women. Retrieved online on 28th Mar 2019 from https://www.icrw.org/.../ICRW_UAPQ3_PolicyBrief_v7_WebReady-Enabling-Wome.

  • Burchardt, T., Evans, M., & Holder, H. (2010). Measuring inequality: Autonomy the degree of empowerment in decisions about one’s own life. United Kingdom: Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, Oxford University. Retrieved from on 12 Jan 2019 from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/85543/measuring-autonomy.pdf.

  • Chowdhury, M., Bhuiya, A., Mahmud, S., Abdus, S. A., & Karim, F. (2000). Who gets vaccinated in Bangladesh? The immunization divide. Dhaka: Bangladesh Health Equity Watch.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crane, B. B., & Hord-Smith, C. E. (2006). Safe Abortion: Essential Strategy for Achieving the Millennium Development Goals to Improve Maternal Health, Promote Gender Equality, and Reduce Poverty. Being background paper for the Report on Public Choices, Private Decisions: Sexual and Reproductive Health and the Millennium Development Goals. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barbara_Crane/publication/228891513_Access_to_safe_abortion_an_essential_strategy_for_achieving_the_millennium_development_goals_to_improve_maternal_health_promote_gender_equality_and_reduce/links/0c960518271a3bbbdf000000/Access-to-safe-abortion-an-essential-strategy-for-achieving-the-millennium-development-goals-to-improve-maternal-health-promote-gender-equality-and-reduce.pdf

  • Cools, S., & Kotsadam, A. (2015). Resources and intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa. Working Paper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coovadia, H. M., & Hadingham, J. (2005). HIV/AIDS: Global trends, global funds and delivery bottlenecks. Globalization and Health, 1(13), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-1-13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daly, M. (1978). Gyn/ecology: The metaethics of radical feminism. Boston: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dea, M. (2016). The prospectus, challenges and causes of gender disparity and its implication for Ethiopia’s development: Qualitative inquiry. Journal of Education and practice., 7(4), 24–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVries, R. (1996). Making midwives legal: Childbirth, medicine and the law (2nd ed.). Columbus: Ohio State University press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyal, L. (1995). What makes women sick: Gender and the political economy of health. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenreich, B., & English, D. (1973). Witches, midwives and heroines of American childbirth reform. New York: The crossing press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fatso, J. C., Ezeh, A. C., & Essendi, H. (2009). Maternal health in poor resource urban settings: How does women’s autonomy influence the utilization of obstetric care services? Reproductive Health., 6(9). https://doi.org/10.1186/17424755-6-9.

  • Fawole, A. O., Shah, A., Fabanwo, A. O., Adegbola, O., Adewunmi, A. A., Eniayewun, A. B., et al. (2012). Predictors of maternal mortality in institutional deliveries in Nigeria. African Health Sciences., 12(1), 32–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fawole, O. I., & Adeoye, I. A. (2015). Women’s status within the household as a determinant of maternal health care use in Nigeria. African Health Science 15(1), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i1.28.

  • Filippi, V., Ronsmans, C., Campbell, O. M. R., Graham, W. J., Mills, A., Borghi, J., Koblinsky, M., & Osrin, D. (2006). Maternal health in poor countries: The broader context and a call for action. Lancet, 368, 1535–1541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freidan, B. (1963). Feminist Mystique. USA: W. W. In Norton co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelles, R. J. (1976). Abused wives: Why do they stay. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38(4), 659–668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, S. (2018). Understanding the HIV challenge in South Africa. Cortellis powering life sciences innovation Clarivate Analytics. Retrieved on 8 Jan 2018 from https://clarivate.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/FINAL_HIV-Report-SSA.pdf.

  • Grigg, A. J., & Kirkland, A. (2016). Health. In L. Disch & M. Hawkesworth (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory (pp. 326–345). New York: Oxford Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grown, C., Gupta, G. R., & Pande, R. (2005). Taking action to improve women’s health through gender equality and women’s empowerment. Lancet, 365, 541–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, G. R. (2002). How men’s power over women fuels the HIV epidemic. British Medical Journal, 324(7331), 183–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guttmacher Institute. (2018). Fact sheet. Induced abortion worldwide: Global incidence and trends. Retrieved on 22 Jan 2019 from https://www.guttmacher.org/factsheet/inducedabortion-worldwide.

  • Hagman, M. (2013). Maternal mortality: Gender and access to health services – The case of Ghana. Journal of Politics and International Studies, 9, 174–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hathout, H. M. (1963). Some aspects of female circumcision. Journal of Obstet Gynaecology British Empire, 70, 505–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heise, L. L., & Kotsadam, A. (2015). Cross-national and multilevel correlates of partner violence: An analysis of data from populationbased surveys. The Lancet Global Health, 3(6), 332–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobcraft, J. (1993). Women’s education, child welfare and child survival: A review of the evidence. Health Transit Review, 3(2), 159–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, R. (1990). The Politics of Women’s Biology. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Centre for Research on Women, ICRW. (2010). What role can economic empowerment strategies play in reducing HIV risk and vulnerability among girls and young women? A Briefing Note for Global Technical Meeting “Emerging Insights on Economic Empowerment and HIV Interventions for Girls and Young Women”. 22–23 Apr 2010 Washington, DC. Accessed on 28th Mar 2019 from https://www.icrw.org/.../What-role-can-economic-empowerment-strategies-play-in-red.

  • Jennings, L., Na, M., Cherewick, M., Hindin, M., Mullany, B., & Ahmed, S. (2014). Women’s empowerment and male involvement in antenatal care: Analyses of demographic and health surveys (DHS) in selected African countries. Bio Med Central Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14(297). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-297.

  • Kabeer, N. (2005). Gender equality and women’ s empowerment: a critical analysis of the third Millennium Development Goal. Gender and Development, 13(1), 13–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaseje, D. (2006). Health care in Africa: Challenges, Opportunities and an emerging Model for Improvement. Presented at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for scholars. Retrieved online on 19th Jan 2019 from https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Kaseje2.pdf.

  • Kirigia, J. M., & Barry, S. P. (2008). Health challenges in Africa and the way forward. International Archives of Medicine, 1(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-7682-1-27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobrin, F. E. (1984). The American midwife controversy: A crisis of professionalization. In J. W. Leavitt (Ed.), Women and health in America: Historical readings (pp. 318–326). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishna, S., Rocca, C. H., Hubbard, A. E., Subbiah, K., Edmeades, J., & Padian, N. S. (2010). Do changes in spousal employment status lead to domestic violence? Insights from a prospective study in Bangalore, India. Social Science and Medicine, 70(1), 136–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langen, T. T. (2005). Gender power imbalance on women’s capacity to negotiate self-protection against HIV/AIDS in Botswana and South Africa. African Health Sciences, 5, 188–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leavitt, J. W. (1984). Birthing and anesthesia: The debate over twilight sleep. In J. W. Leavitt (Ed.), Women and health in America: Historical readings (pp. 175–184). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loevinsohn, M., & Gillespie, S. (2003). HIV/AIDS, food security, and rural livelihoods: Understanding and responding. Washington, DC: IFPRI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morhee, R. A. S., & Morhee, E. S. K. (2006). Overview of the law and availability of abortion Services in Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal, 40(3), 80–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montagu, D., Yamey, G., Visconti, A., Harding, A., & Yoong, J. (2011). Where do poor women in developing countries give birth? A multi-country analysis of demographic and health survey data. PLoS One, 6(2), 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrisson, C., & Jutting, J. P. (2005). Women’s discrimination in developing countries: A new data set for better policies. World Development, 33(7), 1065–1081.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neil, T., Domingo, P., & Valters, C. (2014). Progress on women’s empowerment: From technical fixes to political action. London: ODI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odoi, A. T. (2005). Female gental mutilation. In E. Y. Kwawukume & E. E. Emuveyan (Eds.), Comprehensive Gynaecology in the tropics (1st ed., pp. 268–278). Accra: Graphic Packaging Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okeke, T. C., Anyaehie, U. S. B., & Ezenyeaku, C. C. K. (2012). An overview of female genital mutilation in Nigeria. Annals of medical and health Sciences research, 2(1), 70–73. https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.96942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okojie, C. E. (1994). Gender inequalities of health in the third world. Social Science and Medicine, 39(9), 1237–1247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ory, B. E., & van Poppel, F. W. A. (2013). Trends and risk factors of maternal mortality in late-nineteenth-century Netherlands. The History of the Family. An International Quarterly, 18(4), 481--509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, N., & Czuba, C. (1999). Empowerment, what is it? Journal of Extension, 37(5), 24–32. Accessed online on 10th Jan 2019 from http://www.joe.org/joe/1999october/comm1.php.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, C., & Koverjee. (2009). Abortion and Contraception: Attitudes of South African University Students. Health Care for Women International, 30(6), 550–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399330902886105.

  • Pratley, P. (2016). Associations between quantitative measures of women’s empowerment and access to care and health status for mothers and their children: A systematic review of evidence from the developing world. Social Science and Medicine., 169, 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.08.001.

  • Rothman, B. K. (1989). Recreating motherhood: Ideology and technology in patriarchal society. New York: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, A. K. (1999). Development as freedom. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, K., Ross, C. E., & Cockerharn, W. C. (1983). Symptoms, beliefs and the use of physician services among the disadvantaged. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 29(9), 255–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, C., & Williamson, J. B. (1999). Maternal mortality, women’s status, and economic dependency in less developed countries: A cross-national analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 49(2), 197–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shim, J. K. (2010). Cultural health capital: A theoretical approach to understanding health care interactions and the dynamics of unequal treatment. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146509361185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K., Mudashiru, D., & Singh, J. (2016). Current status of schistosomiasis in Sokoto, Nigeria. Parasite Epidemiology and Control, 1(3), 239–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2016.08.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Statistics South Africa (STAT, SA). (2019). Mid-year population estimate. Pretoria: STAT, SA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strube, M. J., & Barbour, L. S. (1983). The decision to leave an abusive relationship: Economic dependence and psychological commitment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 45(4), 785–793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, D. A., & Weitz, R. (1988). Labor pains: Modern midwives and home birth. NewHaven: Yale University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tapera, R., Moseki, S., & January, J. (2018). The status of health promotion in Botswana. J Public Health Afr. 9(1), 699. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2018.699.

  • Thaddeus, S., & Maine, D. (1994). Too far to walk: Maternal mortality in context. Social Science and Medicine, 38(8), 1091–1110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, P., & Davidson, N. (1990). Inequalities in Health: the Black Report. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Umar, A. S. (2017). Does female education explain the disparity in the use of antenatal and natal services in Nigeria? Evidence from demographic and health survey data. African Health Science, 17(2), 391–399. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v17i2.13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UN Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and the Advancement of Women (OSAGI). (2001). Fact sheet on Important Concepts underlying Gender Mainstreaming. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/pdf/factsheet2.pdf.

  • UNAIDS (2013b). UNAIDS Report on Global AIDS epidemic 2013. Retrieved on 8th August 2019 from https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2013/20130923_UNAIDS_Global_Report_2013.

  • UNAIDS. (2014). Gender Gaps. Beginning of the end of the AIDS epidemic accessed on 20th Jan 2019 from www.unaids.org/en/.../unaids/.../unaidspublication/2014/UNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf.

  • UNAIDS (2019). Global HIV and AID Statistics: 2019 fact sheet. Accessed 30th Aug 2019 from https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet.

  • UNICEF. (2001). Children’s and women’s right in Nigeria: A wake up call. Situation Assessment and Analysis. Harmful traditional practice (FGM). Abuja: National Population Commission and UNICEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNICEF. (2003). Overview of FGM/cutting: Nigeria FGM/cutting country profile. UNICEF Nigeria DHS.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNICEF. (2012). State of the world’s children 2012. New York, USA: UNICEF. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/pdfs/SOWC-2012-Main-Report_EN

  • UNICEF. (2017). Maternal Mortality. Accessed on 28th Aug 2019 from https://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/maternal-mortality/.

  • United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Population Division (2017). Reproductive Health Policies 2017: Data Booklet (ST/ESA/SER.A/396).

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Population Fund (UNPFA) (n.d.) Guidelines on women empowerment. Retrieved online on 20 Jan 2019 from https://www.un.org/popin/unfpa/taskforce/guide/iatfwemp.gdl.html.

  • United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2017). Ending AIDS: Progress towards 90-90-90 targets. Accessed on 20th Jan 2019 from www.unaids.org/en/resources/.../2017/20170720_Global_AIDS_update_2017.

  • Verzin, J. A. (1975). Sequelae of female circumcision. Tropical Doctor, 5, 163–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Victora, C. G., Requejo, J. H., Barros, A. J. D., Berman, P., Bhutta, Z., Boerma, T., et al. (2016). Countdown to 2015: A decade of tracking progress for maternal, newborn, and child survival. Lancet, 387, 2049–2059. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00519-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, W., Alva, S., Wang, S., & Fort, A. (2011). Levels and trends in the utilization of maternal health services in developing countries. Calverton: ICF macro. 2011. Retrieved on 20 Jan 2019 from http://www.measuredhs.com/publications/publication-cr26-comparative-reports.cfm.

  • Walker, L. (1996). My work is to help the woman who wants to have a child, not the woman who wants to have an abortion. African Studies 55(2), 43–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weschsberg, W. M., Browne, F. A., Carney, T., Myers, B., Minnis, A., McDonald, R., & Rodman, N. (2018). The young women’s health coop in cape town, South Africa: Study protocol for a cluster-randomised trial for adolescent women at risk for HIV. Bio Med central Public Health, 18(859), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5665-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wira, C. R., & Fahey, J. V. (2008). A new strategy to understand how HIV infects women: identification of a window of vulnerability during the menstrual cycle. National Institute for Health AIDS, 22(15), 1909–1917. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283060ea4.

  • WHO. (2006). World health report 2006: Working together for health. Geneva: WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2009). Gender equality is for good health: 10 facts on women’s health. Geneva: WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2010). United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Population Fund & the World Bank: Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2008 – Estimates Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization Retrieved on 20th Jan 2019 from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241500265_eng.pdf.

  • WHO. (2012). Addressing the challenges of women’s health in Africa: A summary of the report of the commission on women’s health in the African region. Brazzavile: WHO Regional Office for Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2013). Addressing the challenge of Women’s health in Africa: A summary of the report of the commission on Women’s health in the African region. Brazzaville: WHO Regional Office for Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2014a). WHO Global Health Expenditure Atlas 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/health-accounts/atlas2014.pdf.

  • WHO. (2015). State of inequality reproductive, maternal, new born and child health. Geneva: Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2016a). Maternal mortality fact sheet. Retrieved online on 10th Feb from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/.

  • WHO. (2016b). World Health Statistics 2016. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2016. Retrieved on 22nd Jan 2019 from http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2016/en/.

  • Wilkinson, S., & Kitzenger, C. (Eds.). (1994). Women and health: Feminist perspective. London: Taylor and Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). HIV/AIDS data and statistics. Accessed on 30th Aug 2019 from https://www.who.int/hiv/data/en/.

  • Yego, F., D’Este, C., Byles, J., Williams, J. S., & Nyongesa, P. (2014). Risk factors for maternal mortality in a tertiary hospital in Kenya: A case control study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth., 14, 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoder, P. S., & Khan, S. (2007). Numbers of women circumcised in Africa: The production of a total. Calverton: Macro International Inc.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Veronica Adeleke School of Social Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

    Ngozi Nwogwugwu

Authors
  1. Ngozi Nwogwugwu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ngozi Nwogwugwu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Babcock University, IIishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

    Olajumoke Yacob-Haliso

  2. Department of History, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Toyin Falola

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Development Education Studies, Faculty of Education, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana

    Agnes Atia Apusigah

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Nwogwugwu, N. (2021). Women’s Empowerment and Women’s Health in Africa. In: Yacob-Haliso, O., Falola, T. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28099-4_160

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation