Abstract
Space security has gained increasing importance over the past decade as space becomes part of our everyday life. Yet, space security is not universally defined. The shift of paradigm and transformation of the space domain through new ways of utilizing space and recent technological advances such as mega-constellations, 5G, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and advanced materials have resulted both in major challenges and new opportunities. Over the years, space security has evolved. Since the signature of the Outer Space Treaty in 1967, space security has become a complex, broader, and multilayered concept. The topic dominates space law and space policy agendas at the United Nations General Assembly Committees and the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space along with its subsidiary bodies. In this context, this chapter aims to effectively capture the multifaceted concept of space security and provide an overview of its current status.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
African Union (2015) An overview of the Agenda 2063, First Ten Year Implementation Plan. Retrieved from https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/33126-doc-11_an_overview_of_agenda.pdf
African Union (2017) African space strategy – Towards Social, Political and Economic Integration, Second Ordinary Session for the Specialized Technical Committee Meeting on Education, Science And Technology (Stc-Est) 21 October To 23 October 2017, Cairo, Egypt. Retrieved from https://au.int/sites/default/files/newsevents/workingdocuments/33178-wd-african_space_strategy_-_st20445_e_original.pdf
African Union (2020) First continental report on the implementation of Agenda 2063, African Union Development Agency, 8 February 2020. Retrieved from https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/38060-doc-agenda_2063_implementation_report_en_web_version.pdf
Baldwin DA (1997) The concept of security. Rev Int Stud 23:5–26
DIA (2019) Challenges to space security. Defense Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC
Euroconsult (2019) Government space programs – benchmarks, profiles, and forecasts to 2028. Euroconsult, Paris
Giannopapa C (2011) Improving Africa’s benefit from space applications: the Europeane-African partnership. Space Policy 27:99–106. Elsevier
Giannopapa C, Adriaensen M, Antoni N, Schrogl K-U (2018) ESA’s policy on space and security. Acta Astronautica 147:346–349
Government of Canada (2019) Exploration imagination innovation – a new space strategy for Canada, Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development. Retrieved from https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/pdf/eng/publications/space-strategy-for-canada.pdf
Greenwood C (2011) Self-Defence. In: Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Oxford University Press, Oxford, April 2011
Harding RC (2015) Emerging space powers of Latin America: Argentina and Brazil. In: Al-Ekabi C, Baranes B, Hulsroj P, Lahcen A (eds) Yearbook on space policy 2012/2013. Springer, Vienna
Hitchens T (2019) Space traffic management: U.S. military considerations for the future. J Space Saf Eng 6:108–112
Jiang H (2019) Programme and development of the “Belt and Road” Space Information Corridor, CNSA at 2019 United Nations/China Forum on Space Solutions. Retrieved from https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/psa/activities/2019/UNChinaSymSDGs/Presentations/Programme_and_Development_of_the_Belt_and_Road_Space_Information_Corridor_V5.1.pdf
Komiya Y (2016) Basic plan on space policy, implementation schedule (Revised FY2015). Retrieved from Japan Space Forum 2016: http://www.jsforum.or.jp/stableuse/2016/pdf/6.%20DG_Komiya.pdf
Lal B, Balakrishnan A, Caldwell BM, Buenconsejo RS, Carioscia SA (2018) Global trends in space situational awareness (SSA) and space traffic management (STM). IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute, Washington, DC
McDonald A, Brollowski H (2011) Security. In: Max Planck encyclopedia of public international law. Oxford University Press, Oxford
National Defense (2020) Middle East Allies look to expand space capabilities. Retrieved from https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2020/2/3/middle-east-allies-look-to-expand-space-capabilities
Nie M (2020) Space privatization in China’s national strategy of military-civilian integration: an appraisal of critical legal challenges. Space Policy. In press, 2020,101372, ISSN 0265-9646
Osisanya S (2015) National security versus global security. United Nations Chronicle. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/national-security-versus-global-security
Republic of South Africa (2018) National Space Science and Technology Programme Strategy, To leverage the benefits of space science and technology for socio-economic growth and sustainable development. Retrieved from https://www.sansa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/National-Space-Strategy.pdf
Robinson J (2018) Cross-domain responses to space hybrid provocations via economic and financial statecraft. The Prague Security Studies Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
Rothschild E (1995) What is security? The MIT Press on behalf of American Academy of Arts & Sciences, MIT Press 124:53–98
Sarli BV, Cabero Zabalaga M, Telgie A (2018) Review of space activities in South America. J Aeronaut Hist 8:208–232
Sheehan M (2015) Defining space security. In: Schrogl K-U et al (eds) Handbook of space security: policies, applications and programs. Springer, New York
SpaceNews (2020) Space force-sponsored study to assess capabilities of commercial industry. Retrieved from https://spacenews.com/space-force-sponsored-study-to-assess-capabilities-of-commercial-space-industry/
Spacewatch.global (2016) Iranian satellites to share information system of the Asia Pacific Space Cooperation Organisation. Retrieved from Spacewatch.global: https://spacewatch.global/2016/09/iranian-satellites-share-information-system-asia-pacific-space-cooperation-organisation/
Spacewatch.global (2019) Military space: Japan and United States pledge mutual defence cooperation in space, cyber. Retrieved from https://spacewatch.global/2019/04/military-space-japan-and-united-states-pledge-mutual-defence-cooperation-in-space-cyber/
Tarikhi P (2015) The Iranian Space Endeavor. Springer International Publishing, Cham
U.S.FR (2018) Space policy directive-3, National Space Traffic Management Policy, US Federal Register, 18 June 2018, 83 FR 28969, 2018-13521. Retrieved from https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/06/21/2018-13521/national-space-traffic-management-policy
United Nations (1967) Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies, Article I, 27 January 1967, 18 UST 2410; 610 UNTS 205; 6 ILM 386 (1967)
United Nations (2019) General Assembly, First Committee, First committee delegates exchange divergent views on how best to prevent weaponizing outer space, cyberspace amid eroding global trust, GA/DIS 3636, Seventy-forth session, 17th & 18th meetings, 29 October 2019. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/gadis3636.doc.htm
UNOOSA (2019) The African space policy and strategy, towards social, political and economic integration of Africa, Dr. SALEY Mahaman Bachir, African Union Commission, United Nations China Forum on Space solutions, 24–27 April 2019 - Changsha – China. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
UNSPIDER (2010) VI Space conference of the Americas. United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER), November 2010. Retrieved from http://www.un-spider.org/news-and-events/events/vi-space-conference-americas
Williams PD (2013) Security Studies: An Introduction. Routledge, Oxford University Press
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Antoni, N. (2020). Definition and Status of Space Security. In: Schrogl, KU. (eds) Handbook of Space Security. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23210-8_126
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23210-8_126
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-23209-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-23210-8
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics