Abstract
The design trend for the magnet system of modern synchrotron light sources is moving towards smaller magnet apertures with a reduction of magnet dimensions as a consequence. There are several reasons for this:
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to increase the number of focusing cells in a given ring circumference
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to increase the multipole field strengths
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to reduce the total cost of the magnet and vacuum-systems
This chapter describes the technology of integrating several magnets in a common steel block. Several new system properties are presented in the chapter:
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A precise internal alignment of the individual magnets in the common block achieved by utilizing Computer Numeric Control (CNC) machines.
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A reduced production and alignment cost.
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Exclusion of separate girders.
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The integrated block design yields a high rigidity to mass ratio, pushing up vibration eigen-frequencies.
This chapter first describes the MAX IV integrated multi-magnet system in quite some detail. The results of the characterization of the system are presented at the end of the chapter.
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Notes
- 1.
Around the whole ring for some types (e.g., dipoles), or per achromat, etc.
- 2.
Using the 2d magnetic field simulation code FEMM (Meeker 2009).
- 3.
In DDR Section 2.3.3 (Leemann 2010).
- 4.
The space restriction was the distance between the bpm and OXX in the matching cells.
- 5.
Except that the Mc2 yoke blocks have both x and y corrector pole roots between SDend and OYY.
- 6.
Following a 3∘ arc for DIP and a 1.5∘ arc for DIPm, with larger radius through the soft end portion.
- 7.
Note the order of precedence among reference planes, which defines the coordinate system alignment method in 3d CMM.
- 8.
At one point for each magnet element, which is disconnected when dismounting magnet block top half from the bottom half.
- 9.
For the plastic covers on the inner side of the magnet blocks.
- 10.
An initial test was made for each magnet element and the cases for which some response was seen were documented.
- 11.
In the latter case, the field in the affected magnet has opposite sign to the field in the causing magnet.
- 12.
Note that compared with Table 6, the specification document only refers to the “standard” versions of the yoke blocks.
- 13.
Reference surfaces are described in section “Mechanical Design.”
- 14.
150 mm for sextupoles, octupoles, and correctors, 200 mm for QFm and QF, 300 mm for QFend and QDend.
- 15.
Compared with Table 5, the call for tender only referred to the standard versions of the magnet blocks.
- 16.
Danfysik A/S, Jyllinge, Denmark.
- 17.
Scanditronix Magnet AB, Vislanda, Sweden.
- 18.
The recipe used was developed by Scanditronix AB, Uppsala, Sweden, in the 1960s.
- 19.
The “evaluation coordinate system” is the working coordinate system in which all results in the measurement report are calculated and in which all point data are presented.
- 20.
The reason for setting x = 0 and z = 0 at the intersection with the y = 0 plane is that this is the best estimate of how the top and bottom yoke blocks align to each other by the guide blocks (seen, e.g., in Fig. 11).
References
B. Anderberg et al., MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring magnets – technical specification, 2011
M. Eriksson et al., The MAX IV synchrotron light source, in IPAC 2011, San Sebastián, [s.n.] 2011, p. THPC058
M. Johansson, B. Anderberg, L.-J. Lindgren, MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring prototype magnet, in IPAC 2011, San Sebastián, [s.n.] 2011, p. WEPO015
S.C. Leemann, Updates to the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring lattice, MAX-lab internal note 20101101, 2010a
S.C. Leemann, MAX IV detailed design report – chapter 2.1–2.4, 2010b
S.C. Leemann, Updates to the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring lattice, MAX-lab internal note 20110117, 2011a
S.C. Leemann, Updates to the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring lattice, MAX-lab internal note 20111124, 2011b
S.C. Leemann et al., Beam dynamics and expected performance of Sweden’s new storage-ring light source: MAX IV. PRST-AB. 12, 120701 (2009)
L.-J. Lindgren, B. Anderberg, MAX IV detailed design report – chapter 2.5, 2010
D.C. Meeker, Finite element method magnetics, version 4.2 02 Nov 2009
Opera3D, Opera version 13.034 professional edition x64. – [s.1.]. http://operafea.com/
S. Russenschuck, Field Computation for Accelerator Magnets (WILEY VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, 2010)
Acknowledgments
The design and construction of the MAX IV integrated magnets is a result of teamwork. Individuals as well as companies have contributed to this project.
Among our colleagues, we would like to mention Bengt Anderberg (Amacc), Lars-Johan Lindgren (MAX-lab) who made the original detailed magnet design for the first 12 achromat lattice. Pedro Tavares (MAX-lab) followed up closely the magnet production. Dieter Einfeld’s (MAX-lab) advices have been most valuable. Without their inspired and skillful contributions, this work could never have been successfully completed.
We would also like to thank the two companies Danfysik and Scanditronix Magnet who successfully managed the magnet construction and characterizing work.
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Eriksson, M., Johansson, M. (2020). Integrated Multimagnet Systems. In: Jaeschke, E., Khan, S., Schneider, J., Hastings, J. (eds) Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23201-6_12
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