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Antioxidant Defense System and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Interplay in Plants Under Drought Condition

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Climate Change Management

Abstract

The enhanced level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is deemed as fundamental behavioral evidence of plants under drought condition. Crop plants may encounter a wide array of environmental stresses under field conditions which could substantially reduce their growth and productivity. The magnitude of the effects of these stresses can be estimated by investigating the regulation in the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in plants. In biological systems, the redox reaction produces free radicals that are quite harmful to biological structures and cell organelles. Among different ROS, superoxide radical (O−2), hydroxyl radical (OH−), singlet oxygen (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and other associated hydroxyl radicals are the most active forms and harmful for the plant cell. Excess ROS production generally leads to phytotoxic effects on crop plants such as lipid peroxidation as well as a decrease in plant growth through the unique protein and DNA transmutation. Hence, plant defense systems are triggered under drought which has an impact on cellular functionality to counter the oxidative stress. Crop plants are immotile, so they are unable to escape from ecological stress conditions; thus plants are well equipped with an innate protective mechanism that helps in quenching free radicals, stabilizing cellular and subcellular membranes/structures, maintaining redox potential, and regulating the antioxidant defense responses under drought. Thus, the main identifying aspect of plant stress tolerance ability is its potential to quest and/or counter the harmful ROS. The adaptiveness of higher plants under drought appears to be the result of a strong defense system. In this review, mechanisms of enzymatic and nonenzymatic protection system against abiotic stresses have been discussed. Moreover, the biosynthesis, localization, and transfer of antioxidants within the cell under drought conditions are also described.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Ascorbic acid

ABA:

Abscisic acid

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalases

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidases

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

H2O2:

hydrogen peroxide

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

O2:

Singlet oxygen

O−2:

Superoxide radical

OH−:

Hydroxyl radical

POD:

Peroxidases

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Construction of World First Class Discipline of Hainan University (No.RZZX201905), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31060266), the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (310029). National Project on Sci-Tec Foundation Resources Survey (2017FY100600).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry & Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, P. R. China

    Mohsin Nawaz & Zhiyong Wang

  2. College of Forestry & Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, P. R. China

    Zhiyong Wang

  3. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Shakeel Ahmad Anjum

  4. Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

    Umair Ashraf

  5. Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Farrukh Azeem

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  1. Mohsin Nawaz
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  2. Shakeel Ahmad Anjum
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  3. Umair Ashraf
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  4. Farrukh Azeem
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  5. Zhiyong Wang
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Correspondence to Zhiyong Wang .

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  1. FTZ-ALS, HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Walter Leal Filho

  2. School of Social Sciences, CHC Higher Education, Carindale, Australia

    Johannes Luetz

  3. Center for Food Security Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Desalegn Ayal

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Nawaz, M., Anjum, S.A., Ashraf, U., Azeem, F., Wang, Z. (2021). Antioxidant Defense System and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Interplay in Plants Under Drought Condition. In: Leal Filho, W., Luetz, J., Ayal, D. (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22759-3_121-1

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