Abstract
The rapidly evolving collective fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) have high potential for development of new clinical therapies for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. The positive results of experimental nerve repair strategies incorporating transplanted cells are now largely attributed to the secretion of paracrine factors, rather than cell engraftment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which make up part of the cell secretome, have emerged as important intercellular communicators in various biological processes. The bioactivity of EVs is mediated by their cargoes of various types of nucleic acids and proteins. In this chapter we present an overview of the biogenesis, isolation, and characterization of EVs, and describe how EVs might be useful adjuncts in TERM for peripheral nerve repair. In summary, EVs enhance axonal growth in vitro and in vivo, modulate Schwann cell function, and are highly likely to influence the neuroimmune and vascular cell reactions activated by peripheral nerve injury. Thus EVs have high potential for use as a new cell-free therapeutic approach for nerve repair.
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Acknowledgments
The Laboratory of Neural Repair and Cellular Therapy is funded in part by a grant from Vinnova – Sweden’s Innovation Agency (Project CAMP, contract number 2017-02130). Dr. Gustav Andersson is an associated researcher at the Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (Umeå University).
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Andersson, G., Kingham, P.J. (2022). Extracellular Vesicles for Nerve Regeneration. In: Phillips, J.B., Hercher, D., Hausner, T. (eds) Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21052-6_8
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