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Design of Bio-Nanocomposite Scaffolds with Enhanced Properties for Bone Implantation: Fabrication, Characterization, and Simulation

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Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology

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Abstract

In the current investigation, the microarchitecture of bio-nanocomposite scaffolds fabricated by natural hydroxyapatite (n-HA) composed with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and magnesium oxide (MgO) in different weight fractions, which are manufactured for the first time by the space holder technique using NaCl particles. After that, the bio-nanocomposite scaffolds are coated with the gelatin-ibuprofen drug via a dip coating technology. The biological and mechanical experiments are performed on the samples corresponding to apatite formation, biodegradability, hardness, elastic modulus, porosity, and rate of the drug release in the phosphate buffer saline and simulated body fluid (SBF). The phase composition, microstructure, physical, and cytobiological characteristics are also examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scan electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results indicate that addition of CuO nanoparticles to n-HA scaffold leads to enhance the hardness, elastic modulus, apatite formation, porosity, and roughness of the fabricated bio-nanocomposites, while its biodegradation rate, wettability, and drug release decrease. It is found that the prepared bio-nanocomposite scaffolds show an excellent antibacterial response. The scaffold sample containing 15 wt% CuO nanoparticles represents better agreement in serving as bone graft for the cancer disease treatment. It is also observed that the presence of magnesium ions leads to reduce the crystallinity of HA about 30–100 nm due to entering MgO nanoparticles into the network. The results related to the sample with 10 wt% MgO nanoparticles indicate that the microscopic structure of the fabricated bio-nanocomposite scaffold is three-dimensional with porous architecture.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia

    Saeid Sahmani

  2. New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Amirsalar Khandan

Authors
  1. Saeid Sahmani
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  2. Amirsalar Khandan
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Correspondence to Saeid Sahmani .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Chemistry and EVSC, New Jersey InstTech, 151 D Tiernan-NJIT, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

  2. Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Sabu Thomas

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Sahmani, S., Khandan, A. (2020). Design of Bio-Nanocomposite Scaffolds with Enhanced Properties for Bone Implantation: Fabrication, Characterization, and Simulation. In: Hussain, C., Thomas, S. (eds) Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10614-0_22-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10614-0_22-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10614-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10614-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

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