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The Incorporation and Release of Bioactive Molecules in Vascular Grafts

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Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering ((TIENRE))

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases account for massive socioeconomic burden worldwide. Whereas the use of native arteries for vascular grafting is the gold-standard treatment option, donor-site associated infection risk and/or prior use, limit their full therapeutic utilization. Consequently, artificial vascular grafts offer an invaluable solution for vascular grafting. However, their use is often hindered by risk of thromboembolic complication and intimal hyperplasia (IH). To circumvent these limitations, a wide range of strategies have been pursued, including the use of physico-chemical cues and bioactive molecules to enhance endothelialization, cellularization, and remodeling; as well as to overcome IH, thrombosis, and infection. Various types of bioactive molecules, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, growth factors, growth factor mimetic molecules, peptides, ECM-derived peptides, phage display-derived peptides, and therapeutic molecules have been incorporated into artificial vascular grafts. Through incorporation by various means, such as encapsulation, physical adsorption/absorption, non-covalent conjugation, and covalent conjugation, vascular graft performance and remodeling have shown beneficial outcomes. In this chapter, we discuss the key approaches being pursued in the design of novel polymer types for vascular regeneration applications. Particularly, we provide a framework for the enhancement of endothelialization, the improvement of cellularization, overcoming IH, modulating smooth muscle cell phenotype, and the positive regulation of the inflammatory response towards the polarization of macrophages into anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Moreover, we have identified key biomolecules and approaches, which have potential for improving blood vessel regeneration, but have not yet been comprehensively evaluated. Taken together, the appropriate combination of biomolecules along with fitting scaffold materials, as discussed herein, may greatly benefit vascular reconstruction for healthcare.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant number 81530059, 81772000, 91639113) and by the Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

    Muhammad Shafiq, Hongyu Yan, Adam C. Midgley, Kai Wang, Qiang Zhao & Deling Kong

  2. Department of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Shafiq

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  1. Muhammad Shafiq
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  2. Hongyu Yan
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  3. Adam C. Midgley
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  4. Kai Wang
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  5. Qiang Zhao
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  6. Deling Kong
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deling Kong .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Emeritus, Cardiovascular Surgery and Research, University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Beat H. Walpoth

  2. Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Helga Bergmeister

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA

    Gary L. Bowlin

  4. Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

    Deling Kong

  5. Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Joris I. Rotmans

  6. Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Saudi Arabia

    Peter Zilla

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Shafiq, M., Yan, H., Midgley, A.C., Wang, K., Zhao, Q., Kong, D. (2020). The Incorporation and Release of Bioactive Molecules in Vascular Grafts. In: Walpoth, B.H., Bergmeister, H., Bowlin, G.L., Kong, D., Rotmans, J.I., Zilla, P. (eds) Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts. Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05336-9_17

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