Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Global Healthcare

Abstract

Although medicine has been receptive to the benefits of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), it has only recently started to adopt this rapidly evolving, disruptive technology, particularly when compared to finance, entertainment, and transport sectors. Machine learning enables the detection of hidden connections and patterns, including outcomes prediction. Data is critical for the development of intelligent models, which harness the potential to improve and redefine disease self-management, treatment, and wellness pathways. The consequences of digital health democratization have significant health and ethical impact. This chapter provides an introduction to machine learning and AI and the development of intelligent healthcare systems. It explores applications of AI in healthcare and how the ubiquity of smartphones and Internet of Things (IoT) has accelerated the global shift from volume-based to value-based healthcare. This chapter will highlight key challenges within machine learning, evaluate machine learning projects, and share examples of best practice healthcare AI. Finally, it will review the ethical concerns surrounding machine learning, including how machines affect human behavior, data ownership, bias, unintended consequences, and the advances that have been made to support the global shift toward value-based population health.