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Human Development Index (HDI)

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management

Synonyms

HDI; HIHD; Social welfare measurement

Definition

HDI is an average measure of basic human capacities as well as a brief measure of human development by means of social and economic development. HDI measures a country’s average achievements in four areas. These are years of schooling, expected years of schooling, life expectancy at birth, and gross national income per capita. This practical instrument monitors and compares the development of countries over time (Investopedia 2019).

Introduction

Economists have long considered the Gross National Product (GNP) per capita as a core variable to measure and explain the economic development of a country. GNP per capita fails to capture developmental progress and dimensions of human welfare – in particular the living standard, health, schooling, life expectancy, etc. An alternative measure has been provided by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in its Human Development Report(HDR) based on the “Human Development Index”...

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References

Further Reading

  • Human Development Reports (HDR). United Nations Development Programme: HDR. Retrieved from http://www.hdr.undp.org/ Accessed 2 Aug 2019.

  • Noorbakhsh, F. (1998). A modified human development index. World Development, Elsevier, 26(3), 517–528.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Humanities and Social Science Department, National Defense University, İstanbul, Turkey

    Sefer Aydogan

Authors
  1. Sefer Aydogan
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. London Metropolitan University, Guildhall Faculty of Business and Law London Metropolitan University, London, UK

    Samuel Idowu

  2. Cologne Business School, Ingolstadt, Germany

    René Schmidpeter

  3. College of Business, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Nicholas Capaldi

  4. International Training Centre of the IL, International Labor Organization, Turin, Italy

    Liangrong Zu

  5. Department of Economics, Society and Politics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy

    Mara Del Baldo

  6. Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal

    Rute Abreu

Section Editor information

  1. Yasar University, Izmir, Turkey

    Duygu Türker

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Aydogan, S. (2021). Human Development Index (HDI). In: Idowu, S., Schmidpeter, R., Capaldi, N., Zu, L., Del Baldo, M., Abreu, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_557-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_557-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02006-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02006-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Business and ManagementReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

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