Description
Greenwashing is an “umbrella term” for behaviors that mislead consumers regarding the organization’s environmental performance (Lyon and Montgomery 2015). It describes situation, when there is a mismatch between, what organization communicates, and what it actually does in terms of its environmental responsibility. While companies are the primary greenwashing actors, broad review of literature reveals cases of this practice conducted by governments, politicians, university administrators, research organizations, environmental policy experts, industries, and NGOs (Lyon and Montgomery 2015).
The phenomenon of greenwashing emerged as “CSR’s evil twin” (Jong et al. 2017). Potential benefits of corporate social responsibility (CSR), such as license to operate, increased reputation, consumer purchase intentions, and loyalty or reduced capital costs (Doh et...
References
Alves, I. M. (2009). Green spin everywhere: How greenwashing reveals the limits of the CSR paradigm. Journal of Global Change and Governance, II(1), 1–26.
Atkinson, L., & Kim, Y. (2014). “I drink it anyway and I know I shouldn’t”: Understanding green consumers’ positive evaluations of norm-violating non-green products and misleading green advertising. Environmental Communication, 9, 37–57.
Baldassarre, F., & Campo, R. (2016). Sustainability as a marketing tool: To be or to appear to be? Business Horizons, 59(4), 421–429.
Berrone, P., Fosfuri, A., & Gelabert, L. (2017). Does greenwashing pay off? Understanding the relationship between environmental actions and environmental legitimacy. Journal of Business Ethics, 144(2), 363–379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2816-9.
Bowen, F. (2014). After greenwashing: Symbolic corporate environmentalism and society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chen, Y.-S., & Chang, C.-H. (2013). Greenwash and green trust: The mediation effects of green consumer confusion and green perceived risk. Journal of Business Ethics, 114, 489–500.
Delmas, M. A., & Burbano, V. C. (2015). The drivers of greenwashing. California Management Review, 54(1), 64–87.
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The Iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101.
Doh, J. P., Howton, S. D., Howton, S. W., & Siegel, D. S. (2010). Does the market respond to an endorsement of social responsibility? The role of institutions, information, and legitimacy. Journal of Management, 36(6), 1461–1485.
Du, X. (2015). How the market values greenwashing? Evidence from China. Journal of Business Ethics, 422, 547–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2122-y.
Font, X., Walmsley, A., Cogotti, S., McCombes, L., & Hauesler, N. (2012). Corporate social responsibility: The disclosure-performance gap. Tourism Management, 33, 1544–1553.
Hahn, R., & Luelfs, R. (2014). Legitimizing negative aspects in GRI-oriented sustainability reporting: A qualitative analysis of corporate disclosure strategies. Journal of Business Ethics, 123, 401–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1801-4.
Jong, M. D. T De, Harkink, K. M., & Barth, S. (2017). Making green stuff? Effects of corporate greenwashing on consumers 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/1050651917729863.
Kim, E., & Lyon, T. P. (2014). Modesty in corporate sustainability disclosure greenwash vs brownwash: Exaggeration and undue modesty in corporate sustainability disclosure.
Kim, E., & Lyon, T. P. (2015). Greenwash vs. Brownwash: Exaggeration and undue modesty in corporate sustainability disclosure. Organization Science, 26(3), 705–723. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0949.
Laufer, W. S. (2003). Social accountability and corporate greenwashing. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(3), 253–261.
Lyon, T. P., & Montgomery, A. W. (2015). The means and end of greenwash. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026615575332.
Majláth, M. (2017). The effect of greenwashing information on Ad evaluation, 92–104. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2017.v6n3p92.
Marquis, C., Toffel, M. W., & Zhou, Y. (2015). Scrutiny, norms, and selective disclosure: A global study of greenwashing. Boston: Harvard Business School.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. S. (2011). Creating and capturing value. Strategic corporate social responsibility, resource-based theory, and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 37(5), 1480–1495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310385696.
Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony on JSTOR. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340–363.
Mizruchi, M. S., & Fein, L. C. (1999). The social construction of organizational knowledge: A study of the uses of coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphism. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(4), 653. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667051.
Nyilasy, G., Gangadharbatla, H., & Paladino, A. (2014). Perceived greenwashing: The interactive effects of green advertising and corporate environmental performance on consumer reactions, 693–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1944-3.
Parguel, B., Benoit-Moreau, F., & Larceneux, F. (2011). How sustainability ratings might deter “greenwashing”: A closer look at ethical corporate communication. Journal of Business Ethics, 102, 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0901-2.
Parguel, B., Benoit-Moreau, F., & Russell, C. A. (2015). Can evoking nature in advertising mislead consumers? The power of “executional greenwashing”. International Journal of Advertising, 34(1), 107–134.
Pope, S., & Wæraas, A. (2016). CSR-washing is rare: A conceptual framework, literature review, and critique. Journal of Business Ethics, 137(1), 173–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2546-z.
Shirky, C. (2008). Here comes everybody: The power of organizing without organizations. New York: The Penguin Press.
Spack, J. A., Board, V. E., Crighton, L. M., Kostka, P. M., & Ivory, J. D. (2012). It’s easy being green: The effects of argument and imagery on consumer responses to green product packaging. Environmental Communication, 6, 441–458.
Tapscott, D., & Ticoll, D. (2003). The naked corporation: How the age of transparency will revolutionize business. New York: Free Press.
TerraChoice. (2010). The sins of greenwashing. Home and family edition 2010: Report on environmental claims made in the North American consumer market. Retrieved from http://sinsofgreenwashing.com/index35c6.pdf
Testa, F., Boiral, O., & Iraldo, F. (2018). Internalization of environmental practices and institutional complexity: Can stakeholders pressures encourage greenwashing? Journal of Business Ethics, 147(2), 287–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2960-2.
Walker, K., & Wan, F. (2012). The harm of symbolic actions and green-washing: Corporate actions and communications on environmental performance and their financial implications. Journal of Business Ethics, 109, 227–242.
Wu, M., & Shen, C. (2013). Corporate social responsibility in the banking industry: Motives and financial performance. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37, 3529–3531.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Roszkowska-Menkes, M. (2021). Greenwashing. In: Idowu, S., Schmidpeter, R., Capaldi, N., Zu, L., Del Baldo, M., Abreu, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_390-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_390-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02006-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02006-4
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Business and ManagementReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences