Transplant Tourism and the Traveling Transplant Recipient: Infection Mitigation and Treatment Strategies

Table 3 Recommendations for vaccination for solid organ transplant travelers [15], 44, 72]

Vaccine	Recommendations for adults
Routine immunizations
Parenteral influenza	Yearly Should be considered prior to travel for patients traveling to opposite hemisphere during flu season
Pneumococcal conjugated and polysaccharide	Recommended; booster after 5 years
Tetanus/diphtheria	Recommended; booster every 10 years
Pertussis	Recommended in combination with tetanus and diphtheria (Tdap) once
Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)^a	Contraindicated If serostatus or immunization history is unknown, perform serology prior to travel to areas of outbreak
Varicella^a	Contraindicated
Travel immunizations
Hepatitis A	Recommended when indicated
Hepatitis B	Recommended when indicated
Meningococcal conjugate	Recommended when indicated
Meningococcal serogroup B	Recommended when indicated
Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)	Recommended when indicated
Rabies	Recommended when indicated
Japanese encephalitis (inactivated)	Recommended when indicated
Cholera vaccine	Recommended when indicated; non-live available in Canada and elsewhere; live vaccine contraindicated
Typhim Vi	Recommended when indicated
S. typhi Ty21a^a	Contraindicated
Oral polio vaccine (OPV)^a	Contraindicated in patients and family/household members
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)^a	Contraindicated
Yellow fever vaccine (YFV)^a	Contraindicated

Adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention “Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule — United States, 2018,“ [114] “Advising Travelers with Specific Needs: The Immunocompromised Traveler” [43] in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s “Health Information for International Travel,” “Guidelines for vaccination of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients” [44], and the AST Guidelines [15]
^aLive attenuated