Abstract
Margaret Clifford (née Russell), Countess of Cumberland, wrote across a number of genres—letters, autobiography, poetry, and alchemical recipes. She was active in the court of Queen Elizabeth I. She was well respected for her intellect and served as patron to a number of religious, historical, and literary writers. Her writing reveals a keen sense of figurative language and effective rhetorical discourse of the period.
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References
Manuscripts
Bertie, Peregrine. 1600. Letter to Margaret Clifford. WDHOTH/3/44/6/59. Cumbria Archive Service, Kendal.
Clifford, Margaret. 1585. Letter to George Clifford. WDHOTH/3/44/5/1. Cumbria Archive Service, Kendal.
———————. 1591. “Layfield Letter, autobiography.” Portland Papers 23: 1–10. Longleat House, Wiltshire.
———————. 1598. Physick & Alchemye: Receipts of Lady Margaret, for elixirs, tinctures, electuaries, cordials, waters etc. WDHOTH/1/5. Cumbria Archive Service, Kendal.
———————. April 1600. Letter to George Clifford. Portland Papers 23. Longleat House, Wiltshire.
———————. September 23, 1615. Letter to Anne Clifford. Portland Papers 23. Longleat House, Wiltshire.
Printed Sources
Bayer, Penny. 2005. “Lady Margaret Clifford’s Alchemical Receipt Book and the John Dee Circle.” Ambix 52 (3): 271–84.
Clifford, Anne. 2015. Anne Clifford’s Great Books of Record. Edited by Jessica. L. Malay. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
——————. 2018. Anne Clifford’s Autobiographical Writing 1590–1676. Edited by Jessica. L. Malay. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Clifford, Margaret. 2001. “Epitaph for Richard Cavendish.” Early Modern Women Poets: An Anthology, edited by Jane Stevenson and Peter Davidson, 84. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Parry, Glynn. 2011. Arch Conjurer of England: John Dee. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Further Reading
Daybell, James. 2015. “Social Negotiations in Correspondence between Mothers and Daughters in Tudor and Early Stuart England.” Women’s History Review 24 (4): 502–27.
Malay, Jessica L. 2013. “Positioning Patronage: Lanyer’s Salve Deus Rex Judæorum and the Countess of Cumberland in Time and Place.” The Seventeenth Century 28 (32): 251–74.
Pitcher, John. 2012. “Margaret, Countess of Cumberland’s Prayse of Private Life, Presented by Samuel Daniel.” Prayse of Writing: Early Modern Manuscript Studies, edited by Susan P. Cerasano and Steven May, 114–44. London: British Library.
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Malay, J.L. (2022). Clifford, Margaret, Countess of Cumberland. In: The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Early Modern Women's Writing. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01537-4_297-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01537-4_297-1
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