Abstract
Without the cerebellum, organisms are challenged in the learning and execution of accurate and coordinated actions. It has a central position in the nervous system receiving and projecting to the spinal cord, midbrain, and cerebral cortex, implying convergence of sensory and motor streams. Its highly conserved neuroarchitecture would imply it is very good at what it does and that what it does is very general. Here we review theoretical, modeling, and computational work that has attempted to capture the dynamics and/or function of the cerebellum.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Albus JS (1971) A theory of cerebellar function. Math Biosci 10(1/2):25–61. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.10.015
Angelaki DE, Klier EM, Snyder LH (2009) A vestibular sensation: probabilistic approaches to spatial perception. Neuron 64(4):448–461. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.010
Ankri L, Husson Z, Pietrajtis K, Proville R, Léna C, Yarom Y et al (2015) A novel inhibitory nucleo-cortical circuit controls cerebellar Golgi cell activity. eLife 4. doi:10.7554/eLife.06262
Antunes G, De Schutter E (2012) A stochastic signaling network mediates the probabilistic induction of cerebellar long-term depression. J Neurosci 32(27):9288–9300. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5976-11.2012
Anwar H, Hong S, De Schutter E (2012) Controlling Ca2+-activated K+ channels with models of Ca2+ buffering in Purkinje cells. Cerebellum (London, UK) 11(3):681–693. doi:10.1007/s12311-010-0224-3
Anwar H, Hepburn I, Nedelescu H, Chen W, De Schutter E (2013) Stochastic calcium mechanisms cause dendritic calcium spike variability. J Neurosci 33(40):15848–15867. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1722-13.2013
Apps R, Hawkes R (2009) Cerebellar cortical organization: a one-map hypothesis. Nat Rev Neurosci 10(9):670–681. doi:10.1038/nrn2698
Armstrong BD, Harvey RJ (1966) Responses in the inferior olive to stimulation of the cerebellar and cerebral cortices in the cat. J Physiol 187(3):553–574
Armstrong DM, Harvey RJ (1968) Responses to a spino-olivo-cerebellar pathway in the cat. J Physiol 194(1):147–168
Barbour B (1993) Synaptic currents evoked in Purkinje cells by stimulating individual granule cells. Neuron 11(4):759–769
Barbour B, Brunel N, Hakim V, Nadal J-P (2007) What can we learn from synaptic weight distributions? Trends Neurosci 30(12):622–629. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.09.005
Bazzigaluppi P, Bazzigali (2013) The inferior olive: coupling, oscillations and bursting activity. Erasmus MC, Rotterdam
Bazzigaluppi P, Ruigrok TJ, Saisan P, de Jeu MTG, De Zeeuw CI (2012) Properties of the nucleo-olivary pathway: an in vivo whole-cell patch clamp study. PLoS One 7(9):e46360. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046360.t003
Billings G, Piasini E, Lorincz A, Nusser Z, Silver RA (2014) Network structure within the cerebellar input layer enables lossless sparse encoding. Neuron 83(4):960–974. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.07.020
Bloedel JR, Roberts WJ (1971) Action of climbing fibers in cerebellar cortex of the cat. J Neurophysiol 34(1):17–31
Blot A, Barbour B (2013) Analysis of the study of the cerebellar pinceau by Korn and Axelrad. Biorxiv preprint server http://doi.org/10.1101/001123
Blot A, Barbour B (2014) Ultra-rapid axon-axon ephaptic inhibition of cerebellar Purkinje cells by the pinceau. Nat Neurosci 17(2):289–295. doi:10.1038/nn.3624
Bower J (2010) Model-founded explorations of the roles of molecular layer inhibition in regulating Purkinje cell responses in cerebellar cortex: more trouble for the beam hypothesis. Front Neurosci 4:1–37
Braitenberg V (1965) A note on the control of voluntary movements. In: Proceedings from cybernetics of neural processes, Napoli, pp 1–8
Braitenberg V (1967) Is the cerebellar cortex a biological clock in the millisecond range? Prog Brain Res, 1–15
Braitenberg V (1983) The cerebellum revisited. J Theoret Neurobiol 2:237–241
Braitenberg V (1987) The cerebellum and the physics of movement: some speculations. In: Cerebellum and neuronal plasticity. Plenum Press, New York, pp 193–208
Braitenberg V, Atwood R (1958) Morphological observations on the cerebellar cortex. J Comp Neurol 109(1):1
Braitenberg V, Heck D, Sultan F (1997) The detection and generation of sequences as a key to cerebellar function: experiments and theory. Behav Brain Sci 20(2):229–245; discussion 245–277
Casellato C, Antonietti A, Garrido JA, Carrillo RR, Luque NR, Ros E et al (2014) Adaptive robotic control driven by a versatile spiking cerebellar network. PLoS One 9(11):e112265. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112265
Chaumont J, Guyon N, Valera AM, Dugué GP, Popa D, Marcaggi P et al (2013) Clusters of cerebellar Purkinje cells control their afferent climbing fiber discharge. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110(40):16223–16228. doi:10.1073/pnas.1302310110
Clark SL (1939) Responses following electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex in the normal cat. J Neurosci 2(1):19–35
Clopath C, Nadal J-P, Brunel N (2012) Storage of correlated patterns in standard and bistable Purkinje cell models. PLoS Comput Biol 8(4):e1002448. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002448.g005
Clopath C, Badura A, De Zeeuw CI, Brunel N (2014) A cerebellar learning model of vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation in wild-type and mutant mice. J Neurosci 34(21):7203–7215. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2791-13.2014
Coesmans M, Weber JT, De Zeeuw CI, Hansel C (2004) Bidirectional parallel fiber plasticity in the cerebellum under climbing fiber control. Neuron 44(4):691–700. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.031
D’Angelo E, Nieus T, Maffei A, Armano S, Rossi P, Taglietti V et al (2001) Theta-frequency bursting and resonance in cerebellar granule cells: experimental evidence and modeling of a slow k+-dependent mechanism. J Neurosci 21(3):759–770
De Gruijl JR (2012) Timing and graded signals in the inferior olive. Erasmus MC, Rotterdam
De Gruijl JR, Bazzigaluppi P, de Jeu MTG, De Zeeuw CI (2012) Climbing fiber burst size and olivary sub-threshold oscillations in a network setting. PLoS Comput Biol 8(12):e1002814. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002814
De Gruijl JR, Bosman LWJ, De Zeeuw CI, de Jeu MTG (2013) Inferior olive: all ins and outs. In: Handbook of the cerebellum and cerebellar disorders. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 1013–1058. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_43
De Schutter E, Bower JM (1994a) An active membrane model of the cerebellar Purkinje cell II. Simulation of synaptic responses. J Neurophysiol 71(1):401–419
De Schutter E, Bower JM (1994b) An active membrane model of the cerebellar Purkinje cell. I. Simulation of current clamps in slice. J Neurophysiol 71(1):375–400
De Schutter E, Bower JM (1994c) Simulated responses of cerebellar Purkinje cells are independent of the dendritic location of granule cell synaptic inputs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(11):4736–4740
De Schutter E, Steuber V (2009) Patterns and pauses in Purkinje cell simple spike trains: experiments, modeling and theory. Neuroscience 162(3):816–826. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.040
de Solages C, Szapiro G, Brunel N, Hakim V, Isope P, Buisseret P et al (2008) High-frequency organization and synchrony of activity in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum. Neuron 58(5):775–788. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.05.008
De Zeeuw CI, Koekkoek SK, Wylie DR, Simpson JI (1997) Association between dendritic lamellar bodies and complex spike synchrony in the olivocerebellar system. J Neurophysiol 77(4):1747–1758
De Zeeuw CI, van Hemmen L, Kistler WM (2000) Time window control: a model for cerebellar function based on synchronization, reverberation, and time slicing. Prog Brain Res 124:275–297
Del Olmo MF, Cheeran B, Koch G, Rothwell JC (2007) Role of the cerebellum in externally paced rhythmic finger movements. J Neurophysiol 98(1):145–152. doi:10.1152/jn.01088.2006
Dieudonne S (1998) Submillisecond kinetics and low efficacy of parallel fibre-Golgi cell synaptic currents in the rat cerebellum. J Physiol 510(Pt 3):845–866
Diwakar S, Magistretti J, Goldfarb M, Naldi G, D’Angelo E (2009) Axonal Na+ channels ensure fast spike activation and back-propagation in cerebellar granule cells. J Neurophysiol 101(2):519–532. doi:10.1152/jn.90382.2008
Donchin O, Rabe K, Diedrichsen J, Lally N, Schoch B, Gizewski ER, Timmann D (2012) Cerebellar regions involved in adaptation to force field and visuomotor perturbation. J Neurophysiol 107(1):134–147. doi:10.1152/jn.00007.2011
Doya K (2002) Metalearning and neuromodulation. Neural Netw 15(4–6):495–506
Dugué GP, Brunel N, Hakim V, Schwartz E, Chat M, Lévesque M et al (2009) Electrical coupling mediates tunable low-frequency oscillations and resonance in the cerebellar Golgi cell network. Neuron 61(1):126–139. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.11.028
Ebner TJ, Bloedel JR (1981) Temporal patterning in simple spike discharge of Purkinje cells and its relationship to climbing fiber activity. J Neurophysiol 45(5):933–947
Eccles JC, Llinas RR, Sasaki K (1966) Parallel fibre stimulation and the responses induced thereby in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Exp Brain Res (Experimentelle Hirnforschung Expérimentation Cérébrale) 1(1):17–39. doi:10.1007/BF00235207
Eccles JC, Ito M, Szentágothai J (1967) The cerebellum as a neuronal machine. Springer, Berlin
Eccles JC, Sabah NH, Schmidt RF, Táboríková H (1972) Cutaneous mechanoreceptors influencing impulse discharges in cerebellar cortex. II. In Purkynĕ cells by mossy fiber input. Experimental Brain Research Experimentelle Hirnforschung Expérimentation Cérébrale 15(3):261–277
Edelman GM, Gally JA (2001) Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(24):13763–13768. doi:10.1073/pnas.231499798
Ekerot CF, Gustavsson P, Oscarsson O, Schouenborg J (1987) Climbing fibres projecting to cat cerebellar anterior lobe activated by cutaneous A and C fibres. J Physiol 386:529–538
Fagg AH, Sitko N, Barto AG, Houk J (1997) A computational model of cerebellar learning for limb control. Mh. In: Neural Computation Meeting proceedings, NCM 1997
Frens MA, Mathoera AL, van der Steen J (2001) Floccular complex spike response to transparent retinal slip. Neuron 30(3):795–801
Gabbiani F, Midtgaard J, Knöpfel T (1994) Synaptic integration in a model of cerebellar granule cells. J Neurophysiol 72(2):999–1009
Gao Z, Todorov B, Barrett CF, van Dorp S, Ferrari MD, van den Maagdenberg AMJM et al (2012a) Cerebellar ataxia by enhanced CaV2.1 currents is alleviated by Ca2+-dependent K+-channel activators in Cacna1aS218L mutant mice. J Neurosci 32(44):15533–15546. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2454-12.2012
Gao Z, van Beugen BJ, De Zeeuw CI (2012b) Distributed synergistic plasticity and cerebellar learning. Nat Neurosci 13:619–635. doi:10.1038/nrn3312
Glickstein M, Sultan F, Voogd J (2011) Functional localization in the cerebellum. Cortex 47(1):59–80. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.09.001
Han VZ, Grant K, Bell CC (2000) Reversible associative depression and nonassociative potentiation at a parallel fiber synapse. Neuron 27(3):611–622
Hansel C, Linden DJ, D’angelo E (2001) Beyond parallel fiber LTD: the diversity of synaptic and non-synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum. Nat Neurosci 4(5):467–475. doi:10.1038/87419
Hawkes R, Sillitoe RV, Chung SH, Fritschy JM, Hoy M (2008) Golgi cell dendrites are restricted by Purkinje cell stripe boundaries in the adult mouse cerebellar cortex. J Neurosci 28(11):2820–2826. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4145-07.2008
Heck D, Sultan F (2002) Cerebellar structure and function: making sense of parallel fibers. Hum Mov Sci 21(3):411–421
Herzfeld DJ, Kojima Y, Soetedjo R, Shadmehr R (2015) Encoding of action by the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Nature 526(7573):439–442. doi:10.1038/nature15693
Hoogland TM, De Gruijl JR, Witter L, Canto CB, De Zeeuw CI (2015) Role of synchronous activation of cerebellar Purkinje cell ensembles in multi-joint movement control. Curr Biol 25(9):1–10. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.009
Houck BD, Person AL (2014) Cerebellar loops: a review of the nucleocortical pathway. Cerebellum 13(3):378–385. doi:10.1007/s12311-013-0543-2
Houk J, Fagg A (2014) A computational model for cerebellar learning for limb control. 1–16
Hull C, Regehr WG (2012) Identification of an inhibitory circuit that regulates cerebellar Golgi cell activity. Neuron 73(1):149–158. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.030
Ito M (1989) Long-term depression. Annu Rev Neurosci 12:85–102
Ito M, Kano M (1982) Long-lasting depression of parallel fiber-purkinje cell transmission induced by conjunctive stimulationo of parallel fibers and climbing fibers in the cerebellar cortex. Neurosci Lett 33:253–258
Jacobson GA, Lev I, Yarom Y, Cohen D (2009) Invariant phase structure of olivo-cerebellar oscillations and its putative role in temporal pattern generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106(9):3579–3584. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806661106
Jaeger D (2003) No parallel fiber volleys in the cerebellar cortex: evidence from cross-correlation analysis between Purkinje cells in a computer model and in recordings from anesthetized rats. J Comput Neurosci 14(3):311–327
Jirenhed DA, Hesslow G, Bengtsson F (2007) Acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition of a cerebellar cortical memory trace. J Neurosci 27(10):2493–2502. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4202-06.2007
Jörntell H, Bengtsson F, Schonewille M, De Zeeuw CI (2010) Cerebellar molecular layer interneurons – computational properties and roles in learning. Trends Neurosci 33(11):524–532. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2010.08.004
Kalmbach BE, Voicu H, Ohyama T, Mauk MD (2011) A subtraction mechanism of temporal coding in cerebellar cortex. J Neurosci 31(6):2025–2034. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4212-10.2011
Kazantsev VB, Nekorkin VI, Makarenko VI, Llinas RR (2003) Olivo-cerebellar cluster-based universal control system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(22):13064–13068. doi:10.1073/pnas.1635110100
Kazantsev VB, Nekorkin VI, Makarenko VI, Llinas RR (2004) Self-referential phase reset based on inferior olive oscillator dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(52):18183–18188. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407900101
Khaliq ZM, Raman IM (2006) Relative contributions of axonal and somatic Na channels to action potential initiation in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. J Neurosci 26(7):1935–1944. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4664-05.2006
Khaliq ZM, Gouwens NW, Raman IM (2003) The contribution of resurgent sodium current to high-frequency firing in Purkinje neurons: an experimental and modeling study. J Neurosci 23(12):4899–4912
Kistler WM, van Hemmen L (1999) Delayed reverberation through time windows as a key to cerebellar function. Biol Cybern 81(5–6):373–380
Lang EJ, Llinas RR, Sugihara I (2006) Isochrony in the olivocerebellar system underlies complex spike synchrony. J Physiol 573(Pt 1):277–9– author reply 281–2. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.571101
Latorre R, Aguirre C, Rabinowitch M, Varona P (2013) Transient dynamics and rhythm coordination of inferior olive spatio-temporal patterns. Front Neural Circuits 1–18. doi:10.3389/fncir.2013.00138/abstract
Lefler Y, Torben-Nielsen B, Yarom Y (2013) Oscillatory activity, phase differences, and phase resetting in the inferior olivary nucleus. Front Syst Neurosci 1–9. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2013.00022/abstract
Llinas RR, Yarom Y (1981) Properties and distribution of ionic conductances generating electroresponsiveness of mammalian inferior olivary neurones in vitro. J Physiol 315:569–584
Llinas RR, BAKER R, Sotelo C (1974) Electrotonic coupling between neurons in cat inferior olive. J Neurophysiol 37(3):560–571
Llinas RR, Walton K, Hillman DE, Sotelo C (1975) Inferior olive: its role in motor learing. Science (New York, NY) 190(4220):1230–1231. doi:10.1126/science.128123
Maex R, De Schutter E (1998) Synchronization of golgi and granule cell firing in a detailed network model of the cerebellar granule cell layer. J Neurophysiol 80(5):2521–2537
Manor Y, Rinzel J, Segev I (1997) Low-amplitude oscillations in the inferior olive: a model based on electrical coupling of neurons with heterogeneous channel densities. J Neurophysiol 77:2736
Marr D (1969) A theory of cerebellar cortex. J Physiol 202(2):437–470
Marshall SP, Lang EJ (2004) Inferior olive oscillations gate transmission of motor cortical activity to the cerebellum. J Neurosci 24(50):11356–11367. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3907-04.2004
Mathy A, Ho SSN, Davie JT, Duguid IC, Clark BA, Häusser M (2009) Encoding of oscillations by axonal bursts in inferior olive neurons. Neuron 62(3):388–399. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.03.023
Mauk MD, Steinmetz JE, Thompson RF (1986) Classical conditioning using stimulation of the inferior olive as the unconditioned stimulus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83(14):5349–5353
McCulloch WS, Pitts W (1943) A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. Bull Math Biophys
Medina JF (2010) A recipe for bidirectional motor learning: using inhibition to cook plasticity in the vestibular nuclei. Neuron 68(4):607–609. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.011
Medina JF, Lisberger SG (2008) Links from complex spikes to local plasticity and motor learning in the cerebellum of awake-behaving monkeys. Nat Neurosci 11(10):1185–1192. doi:10.1038/nn.2197
Mitchell SJ, Silver RA (2000) Glutamate spillover suppresses inhibition by activating presynaptic mGluRs. Nature 404(6777):498–502. doi:10.1038/35006649
Najac M, Raman IM (2015) Integration of Purkinje cell inhibition by cerebellar nucleo-olivary neurons. J Neurosci 35(2):544–549. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3583-14.2015
Neymotin SA, Lee H, Park E, Fenton AA, Lytton WW (2011) Emergence of physiological oscillation frequencies in a computer model of neocortex. Front Comput Neurosci 5:19. doi:10.3389/fncom.2011.00019
Ohyama T, Nores WL, Murphy M, Mauk MD (2003) What the cerebellum computes. Trends Neurosci 26(4):222–227
Optican LM, Robinson DA (1980) Cerebellar-dependent adaptive control of primate saccadic system. J Neurophysiol 44(6):1058–1076
Ostojic S, Szapiro G, Schwartz E, Barbour B, Brunel N, Hakim V (2015) Neuronal morphology generates high-frequency firing resonance. J Neurosci 35(18):7056–7068. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3924-14.2015
Pellionisz A, Llinas RR (1977) A computer model of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Neuroscience 2(1):37–48
Pellionisz A, Llinas RR, Perkel DH (1977) A computer model of the cerebellar cortex of the frog. Neuroscience 2(1):19–35
Person AL, Raman IM (2012) Purkinje neuron synchrony elicits time-locked spiking in the cerebellar nuclei. Nature 481(7382):502–505. doi:10.1038/nature10732
Phoka E, Cuntz H, Roth A, Häusser M (2010) A new approach for determining phase response curves reveals that Purkinje cells can act as perfect integrators. PLoS Comput Biol 6(4):e1000768. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000768
Porrill J, Dean P (2007) Cerebellar motor learning: when is cortical plasticity not enough? PLoS Comput Biol 3(10):e197. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030197
Prsa M, Dash S, Catz N, Dicke PW, Thier P (2009) Characteristics of responses of Golgi cells and mossy fibers to eye saccades and saccadic adaptation recorded from the posterior vermis of the cerebellum. J Neurosci 29(1):250–262. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4791-08.2009
Rasmussen A, Jirenhed DA, Zucca R, Johansson F, Svensson P, Hesslow G (2013) Number of spikes in climbing fibers determines the direction of cerebellar learning. J Neurosci 33(33):13436–13440. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1527-13.2013
Rosenblatt F (1957) The perceptron – a perceiving and recognizing automaton. Report 85-460-1. Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory
Rosenblatt F (1958) The Perceptron–a perceiving and recognizing automaton. Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Report 85-460-1
Ruigrok TJ, Voogd J (1995) Cerebellar influence on olivary excitability in the cat. Eur J Neurosci 7(4):679–693
Sauerbrei BA, Lubenov EV, Siapas AG (2015) Structured variability in Purkinje cell activity during locomotion. Neuron 87(4):840–852. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.003
Schmahmann J, Caplan D (2006) Cognition, emotion and the cerebellum. Brain 129(Pt 2):290–292. doi:10.1093/brain/awh729
Schonewille M, Hoebeek FE, Belmeguenai A, Koekkoek SK, Houtman SH, Boele HJ et al (2010) Purkinje cell-specific knockout of the protein phosphatase PP2B impairs potentiation and cerebellar motor learning. Neuron 67(4):618–628. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.07.009
Schonewille M, Gao Z, Boele H-J, Vinueza Veloz MF, Amerika WE, Šimek AAM et al (2011) Reevaluating the role of LTD in cerebellar motor learning. Neuron 70(1):43–50. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.044
Schweighofer N, Doya K, Kawato M (1999) Electrophysiological properties of inferior olive neurons: a compartmental model. J Neurophysiol 82(2):804–817
Schweighofer N, Doya K, Fukai H, Chiron JV, Furukawa T, Kawato M (2004) Chaos may enhance information transmission in the inferior olive. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(13):4655–4660. doi:10.1073/pnas.0305966101
Shin SL, De Schutter E (2006) Dynamic synchronization of Purkinje cell simple spikes. J Neurophysiol 96(6):3485–3491. doi:10.1152/jn.00570.2006
Shin SL, Hoebeek FE, Schonewille M, De Zeeuw CI, Aertsen A, De Schutter E (2007) Regular patterns in cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spike trains. PLoS One 2(5):e485
Shinoda Y, Sugihara I, Wu HS, Sugiuchi Y (2000) The entire trajectory of single climbing and mossy fibers in the cerebellar nuclei and cortex. Prog Brain Res 124:173–186. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(00)24015-6. Elsevier
Soetedjo R, Kojima Y, Fuchs AF (2008) Complex spike activity in the oculomotor vermis of the cerebellum: a vectorial error signal for saccade motor learning? J Neurophysiol 100(4):1949–1966. doi:10.1152/jn.90526.2008
Solinas S, Forti L, Cesana E, Mapelli J, De Schutter E, D’Angelo E (2007) Computational reconstruction of pacemaking and intrinsic electroresponsiveness in cerebellar Golgi cells. Front Cell Neurosci 1:2. doi:10.3389/neuro.03.002.2007
Solinas S, Nieus T, D’Angelo E (2010) A realistic large-scale model of the cerebellum granular layer predicts circuit spatio-temporal filtering properties. Front Cell Neurosci 4:12. doi:10.3389/fncel.2010.00012
Spencer RMC, Ivry RB (2009) Sequence learning is preserved in individuals with cerebellar degeneration when the movements are directly cued. J Cogn Neurosci 21(7):1302–1310. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21102
Steuber V, Mittmann W, Hoebeek FE, Silver RA, De Zeeuw CI, Häusser M, de Schutter E (2007) Cerebellar LTD and pattern recognition by Purkinje cells. Neuron 54(1):121–136. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.03.015
Steuber V, Schultheiss NW, Silver RA, Schutter E, Jaeger D (2010) Determinants of synaptic integration and heterogeneity in rebound firing explored with data-driven models of deep cerebellar nucleus cells. J Comput Neurosci 30(3):633–658. doi:10.1007/s10827-010-0282-z
Sugihara I, Wu HS, Shinoda Y (2001) The entire trajectories of single olivocerebellar axons in the cerebellar cortex and their contribution to cerebellar compartmentalization. J Neurosci 21(19):7715–7723
Ten Brinke MM, Boele H-J, Spanke JK, Potters JW, Kornysheva K, Wulff P et al (2015) Evolving models of Pavlovian conditioning: cerebellar cortical dynamics in awake behaving mice. CellReports 13(9):1977–1988
Thier P, Dicke PW, Haas R, Barash S (2000) Encoding of movement time by populations of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Nature 405(6782):72–76. doi:10.1038/35011062
Torben-Nielsen B, Segev I, Yarom Y (2012) The generation of phase differences in a network model of the inferior olive subthreshold oscillations. PLoS Comput Biol 1–10. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002580
Uusisaari M, De Schutter E (2011) The mysterious microcircuitry of the cerebellar nuclei. J Physiol 589(14):3441–3457. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201582
Uusisaari MY, Knöpfel T (2012) Diversity of neuronal elements and circuitry in the cerebellar nuclei. Cerebellum (London, England) 11(2):420–421. doi:10.1007/s12311-011-0350-6
van der Giessen RS (2007) Role of electrotonic coupling in the olivocerebelar system. Erasmus MC, Rotterdam
Velarde MG, Nekorkin VI, Kazantsev VB, Makarenko VI, Llinas RR (2002) Modeling inferior olive neuron dynamics. Neural Netw 15(1):5–10
Vervaeke K, Nusser Z, Silver RA (2010) Rapid desynchronization of an electrically coupled interneuron network with sparse excitatory synaptic input. Neuron 67(3):435–451. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.06.028
Vervaeke K, Lorincz A, Nusser Z, Silver RA (2012) Gap junctions compensate for sublinear dendritic integration in an inhibitory network. Science (New York, NY) 335(6076):1624–1628. doi:10.1126/science.1215101
Voogd J, Pardoe J, Ruigrok TJ, Apps R (2003) The distribution of climbing and mossy fiber collateral branches from the copula pyramidis and the paramedian lobule: congruence of climbing fiber cortical zones and the pattern of zebrin banding within the rat cerebellum. J Neurosci 23(11):4645–4656
Voogd J, De Zeeuw CI, Schraa-Tam CKL, Geest JN (2010) Visuomotor cerebellum in human and nonhuman primates. Cerebellum (London, England) 11(2):392–410. doi:10.1007/s12311-010-0204-7
Vos BP, Volny-Luraghi A, De Schutter E (1999) Cerebellar Golgi cells in the rat: receptive fields and timing of responses to facial stimulation. Eur J Neurosci 11(8):2621–2634
Warnaar P, Couto J, Negrello M, Junker M, Smilgin A, Ignashchenkova A et al (2015) Duration of Purkinje cell complex spikes increases with their firing frequency. Front Cell Neurosci 9:1–30. doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00122
Welsh JP, Lang EJ, Suglhara I, Llinas RR (1995) Dynamic organization of motor control within the olivocerebellar system. Nature 374(6521):453–457. doi:10.1038/374453a0
Witter L, Canto CB, Hoogland TM, De Gruijl JR, De Zeeuw CI (2013) Strength and timing of motor responses mediated by rebound firing in the cerebellar nuclei after Purkinje cell activation. Front Neural Circuits 7:133. doi:10.3389/fncir.2013.00133
Wolpert DM, Kawato M (1998) Multiple paired forward and inverse models for motor control. Neural Netw 11(7–8):1317–1329
Wulff P, Schonewille M, Renzi M, Viltono L, Sassoè-Pognetto M, Badura A et al (2009) Synaptic inhibition of Purkinje cells mediates consolidation of vestibulo-cerebellar motor learning. Nat Neurosci 12(8):1042–1049. doi:10.1038/nn.2348
Yamazaki T, Tanaka S (2007) The cerebellum as a liquid state machine. Neural Netw 20(3):290–297. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2007.04.004
Zhou H, Lin Z, Voges K, Ju C, Gao Z, Bosman LW et al (2014) Cerebellar modules operate at different frequencies. eLife 3:e02536. doi:10.7554/eLife.02536
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this entry
Cite this entry
Negrello, M., De Schutter, E. (2016). Models of the Cortico-cerebellar System. In: Pfaff, D., Volkow, N. (eds) Neuroscience in the 21st Century. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3474-4_171
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3474-4_171
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3473-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3474-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences