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Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology pp 1–33Cite as

Nutrient Bioextraction

Definition

Nutrient bioextraction is defined as the cultivation and harvest of shellfish and/or seaweed for the purpose of nutrient removal. Eutrophication, an excess of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems, has been linked to a variety of environmental problems, including low dissolved oxygen, loss of critical habitats, and nuisance or toxic blooms of algae. Coastal resource managers have focused on the reduction of land-based sources of nitrogen to ameliorate the symptoms of eutrophication, but have not been able to eliminate eutrophic conditions in many locations. Seaweeds use dissolved nutrients in the local environment to fuel growth and reproduction, and shellfish remove particulate nutrients through their filter-feeding activities. When these organisms are harvested, the nutrients contained in their bodies are also removed from the local environment. Efforts are underway to incorporate shellfish and seaweed aquaculture into nutrient management programs and to formally recognize...

Keywords

  • Nitrogen Removal
  • Nutrient Removal
  • Oyster Reef
  • Total Maximum Daily Load
  • Nutrient Reduction

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Abbreviations

Aquaculture :

is the cultivation of aquatic animals or plants.

Ecosystem services :

are benefits that human populations derive from the natural environment.

Eutrophication :

is an excess of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems.

Nonpoint source pollution :

comes from many diffuse sources, sometimes over a wide geographic area. Because there is no single distinguishable culprit behind the source of the pollution, it can be difficult to track and regulate.

Nutrient trading :

is a program that allows nutrient dischargers (such as wastewater treatment plants) to meet their discharge limits by purchasing credits from another source that provides equivalent nutrient removal to a waterbody. This type of program is designed to find the most cost-effective solutions to achieve water quality goals.

Point source pollution :

comes from a single, discrete source, which can be measured and tracked.

Watershed :

is an area of land that drains to the same waterbody. Watersheds can be any size, and multiple smaller watersheds can make up one larger watershed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford Laboratory, 212 Rogers Avenue, Milford, CT, 06460, USA

    Julie M. Rose, Jason S. Krumholz & Gary H. Wikfors

  2. NOAA, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, USA

    Suzanne B. Bricker

  3. Manhasset Bay Protection Committee, 210 Plandome Road, Manhasset, NY, USA

    Sarah Deonarine

  4. Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Monte de Caparica, Portugal

    Joao G. Ferreira

  5. Connecticut Sea Grant, UConn Extension, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT, USA

    Tessa Getchis

  6. Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1459 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4 J1, Canada

    Jon Grant

  7. Department of Marine Science, School of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea

    Jang K. Kim

  8. Department of Environmental Studies, Purchase College, 735 Anderson Hill Road, Purchase, NY, USA

    George P. Kraemer

  9. Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

    Kurt Stephenson

  10. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1 University Place, Stamford, CT, 06901-2315, USA

    Jang K. Kim & Charles Yarish

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Rose, J.M. et al. (2015). Nutrient Bioextraction. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_944-1

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