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Oil Spill Remote Sensing

Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

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Definition of the Subject and Its Importance

Remote sensing for oil spills is reviewed. The technical aspects of sensors are reviewed and the benefits and limitations of each sensor are given. Oil spill response often requires that remote sensing is used to detect and map the spill of interest. A wide variety of technologies had been tried.

A common and economical sensor is an infrared camera or an IR/UV system. This sensor class has limited utility but has the lowest cost of any sensor. The inherent weaknesses include the inability to discriminate oil on beaches and among weeds or debris and, under certain lighting conditions, the inability of oil to be detected. Furthermore, water-in-oil emulsions are often not detected in the infrared. The laser fluorosensor is a most useful instrument because of its unique capability to identify oil on backgrounds that include water, soil, weeds, ice, and snow. It is the only sensor that can positively discriminate oil on most backgrounds.

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Abbreviations

Laser fluorosensor:

A specific substance detection system that employs a laser to excite a substance which then gives off radiation at another wavelength. This wavelength is typically unique to the substance being detected

Microwave sensor:

Devices which detect radiation in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Some devices, such as radar, also emit waves in the microwave spectrum to analyze the reflectivity of the fields of view

Optical sensor:

Sensors which analyze the field of view in the electromagnetic spectrum from the infrared to the ultraviolet region. Typically the focus is the visible region

Passive microwave sensor:

A sensor which analyzes the natural microwave radiation in a field of view

RADARSAT:

One of two radar satellites that are often used to detect and track oil spills

Radiometer:

Any device that measures electromagnetic radiation; typically the abundance of radiation in a given spectral range is measured

Scatterometer:

A device that measures the scattering of a particular spectral range of radiation

Ship discharge:

An oil spill resulting from a discharge (usually illegal) from a ship. Ships may discharge lubrication oil, oil from washing, or other waste oils

Thickness sensor:

Any oil spill sensor that specifically measures oil slick thickness

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  1. Spill Science, 1717 Rutherford Point, T6W 1J6, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Mervin Fingas

  2. Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment Canada, K1A OH3, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Carl Brown

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Fingas, M., Brown, C. (2013). Oil Spill Remote Sensing. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_732-3

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    Oil Spill Remote Sensing
    Published:
    01 August 2018

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_732-4

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    Oil Spill Remote Sensing
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    14 May 2015

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_732-3

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