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Encyclopedia of Metagenomics pp 468–484Cite as

Ocean Gyres, Metagenomics of

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Definition

Oligotrophic open ocean considered in this chapter refers to euphotic zone approximately 0–200 m deep, away from coasts, and characterized by low concentrations of biologically available inorganic nutrients. These waters are mostly contained in the five oceanic gyres (North and South Subtropical Pacific, North and South Subtropical Atlantic, Indian Gyre) and also Mediterranean Sea.

Introduction

The open ocean is one of the largest habitats on Earth. Microorganisms in the surface waters of the oceans control biogeochemical cycling of elements and the exchange of gases with the atmosphere, including greenhouse gases. Most of the microorganisms in the open ocean have not been cultivated, preventing study of their ecology by traditional methods. Metagenomics has provided a new tool for examining microbial communities in nature. It is now possible to study uncultivated microbial communities in the context of the chemical, physical, and biological variables that define the open...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA

    Irina N. Shilova & Jonathan P. Zehr

  2. Advanced Cytometry Group, BD Biosciences, Seattle, WA, USA

    Anne W. Thompson

  3. Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Ian Hewson

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  1. Irina N. Shilova
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  2. Anne W. Thompson
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  3. Ian Hewson
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  4. Jonathan P. Zehr
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Correspondence to Irina N. Shilova .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Sarah K. Highlander

  2. Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Campus San Juan, San Juan, Alicante, Spain

    Francisco Rodriguez-Valera

  3. The Institute for Genomic Biology Department of Animal Sciences & Pathobiology Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA

    Bryan A. White

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Shilova, I.N., Thompson, A.W., Hewson, I., Zehr, J.P. (2015). Ocean Gyres, Metagenomics of. In: Highlander, S.K., Rodriguez-Valera, F., White, B.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Metagenomics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7475-4_39

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