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Intestinal Failure and Parenteral Omega-3 Fatty Acid Lipid Emulsions

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Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care

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Abstract

Intestinal failure will occur in intensive care patients, necessitating the use of parenteral nutrition. It is not known how commonly such patients will develop intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). Furthermore, liver disease is observed in intensive care patients, independent of parenteral nutrition. Therefore, it is not clear if omega-3 lipid emulsions will benefit intensive care patients, to improve liver disease, as now reported in IFALD. However, omega-3 lipid emulsions may have other benefits in critically ill patients, including immune modulation and reduction in oxidative stress. At this time it is not clear if the benefits for IFALD, or indeed for immune function, are specifically related to the addition of omega-3 lipid or to concomitant reduction in omega-6 lipid.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Arachidonic acid

BSEP:

Bile salt export pump

CCK:

Cholecystokinin

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EFAD:

Essential fatty acid deficiency

EN:

Enteral nutrition

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

FXR:

Farnesoid-X-receptor

ICU:

Intensive care/intensive care unit

IFALD:

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease

IVLE:

Intravenous lipid emulsion

LA:

Linolenic acid

LCPUFA:

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MCT:

Medium-chain triglyceride

PICU:

Pediatric intensive care or intensive care unit

PN:

Parenteral nutrition

PNALD:

Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease

TXA2:

Thromboxane A2

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada

    Justine M. Turner

  2. Division Pediatric Surgery, Department Surgery, Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Room 1526, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada

    Paul W. Wales

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  1. Justine M. Turner
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Correspondence to Justine M. Turner .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Turner, J.M., Wales, P.W. (2014). Intestinal Failure and Parenteral Omega-3 Fatty Acid Lipid Emulsions. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_61-1

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