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Micronutrient Function, Status, and Disposition in Critical Illness

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Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care

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Abstract

Vitamins and trace elements are collectively vital to physiologic function. Each micronutrient is unique and complementary to others, with some interdependency in intermediary metabolism. Micronutrients play a significant role in critical illness from preventing deficits to modulating immune function and oxidative stress and regulating gene expression. The inflammatory response alters the disposition of micronutrients, which has implications for laboratory parameter interpretation and nutritional regimen intervention.

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Abbreviations

CRABP:

Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein

CRBP:

Cellular retinol-binding protein

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CTR1:

Copper transporter-1

DBP:

Vitamin D-binding protein

DHFR:

Dihydrofolate reductase

DMT1:

Divalent metal transporter-1

FAD:

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

FMN:

Flavin mononucleotide

GLUT:

Glucose transporters

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidases

NAD:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADP:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

PCFT:

Proton-coupled folate transporter

PLP:

Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate

RAR:

Retinoic acid receptor

RBP:

Retinol-binding protein

RRT:

Renal replacement therapies

RXR:

Retinoid X receptor

SMVT:

Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter

SVCT:

Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters

THF:

Tetrahydrofolate

THTR1:

Thiamine transporter-1

VDR:

Vitamin D receptor

VDRE:

Vitamin D response elements

VLDL:

Very-low-density lipoprotein

ZIP:

Zrt- and Irt-like proteins

ZnT:

Zinc transporters

αTTP:

α-Tocopherol transfer protein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biobehavioral & Health Sciences, 418 Curie Boulevard, Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Joseph I. Boullata (PharmD, RPh, BCNSP, FASPEN)

  2. Clinical Nutrition Support Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Boulevard, Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Joseph I. Boullata (PharmD, RPh, BCNSP, FASPEN)

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  1. Joseph I. Boullata
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Correspondence to Joseph I. Boullata .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Boullata, J.I. (2014). Micronutrient Function, Status, and Disposition in Critical Illness. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_40-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_40-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8503-2

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