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Enteral and Parenteral Feeding and Monocyte Gene Expression in Critically Ill Patients

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Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care

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Abstract

During prolonged critical illness, most patients require life-sustaining nutritional support in the form of either enteral nutrition or parenteral nutrition. In providing much needed energy, nutritional support is indicated to counteract the effect of hypermetabolism on the stressed, critically ill patient. While intravenous nutrition was once believed to be a panacea, it is now known to have a significant and negative impact on critically ill patients. As the differential effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition are being investigated from both the clinical and basic science perspectives, it is apparent that specialized nutritional support has a profound impact on innate immunity and leukocyte gene expression. In particular, parenteral nutrition may be associated with an exaggerated immune response.

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Abbreviations

CCK:

Cholecystokinin

DAMP:

Damage-associated molecular pattern

EN:

Enteral nutrition

GHS-R:

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor

HRV:

Heart rate variability

IgA:

Immunoglobulin A

IL:

Interleukin

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MALT:

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

NK:

Natural killer

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

PBM:

Peripheral blood monocytes

PN:

Parenteral nutrition

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

RES:

Reticuloendothelial system

TNF-a:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Rutgers/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA

    Dena Arumugam & Steve E. Calvano

  2. Trauma and Emergency Surgical Services, East Texas Medical Center, 1020 East Idel Street, Tyler, TX, 75701, USA

    Stephen C. Gale

Authors
  1. Dena Arumugam
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  2. Stephen C. Gale
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  3. Steve E. Calvano
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dena Arumugam .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Arumugam, D., Gale, S.C., Calvano, S.E. (2014). Enteral and Parenteral Feeding and Monocyte Gene Expression in Critically Ill Patients. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_115-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_115-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8503-2

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