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Nutritional Screening and Assessment Tools for Cardiac Surgery and ICU

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Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care

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Abstract

Malnutrition is one of the consequences of congestive heart failure and cardiac cachexia. It is a well-known unfavorable prognostic factor associated with increased mortality and a complicated postoperative course in cardiac surgery. The details of the development of cardiac cachexia determine the specific approach for nutritional care of such patients, including nutritional screening and assessment. There is no universally accepted approach to nutritional screening in cardiac surgery. However, existing evidence indicates that the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool is the most appropriate. The components of the nutritional assessment of cardiac patients do differ significantly from those for other patient cohorts. Any dietary assessment method as well as anthropometric and laboratory data can be used for the nutritional assessment of cardiac patients. However, interpreting any single objective parameter is often challenging and must be supplemented with other criteria. Therefore, the nutritional assessment of cardiac patients has multiple components and should be performed in combination with the analysis of systemic inflammation.

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Abbreviations

ASPEN:

American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

BMI:

Body mass index

CHF:

Chronic heart failure

CHF:

Congestive heart failure

CPB:

Cardiopulmonary bypass

CSSM:

Cardiac Surgery-Specific Malnutrition Screening Tool

CSSUST:

Cardiac Surgery-Specific Undernutrition Screening Tool

ICU:

Intensive care unit

LVEF:

Left ventricular ejection fraction

MUST:

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool

NRS-2002:

Nutritional Risk Index 2002

SGA:

Subjective Global Assessment

SNAQ:

Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire

TLC:

Total lymphocyte count

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive care, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Rechkunovskaya street, 15, 630055, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

    Sergey Efremov & Vladimir Lomivorotov

Authors
  1. Sergey Efremov
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  2. Vladimir Lomivorotov
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sergey Efremov .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Royal Free London Hospitals, Barnet General Hospital, London, UK

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  3. King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  4. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

  5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

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Efremov, S., Lomivorotov, V. (2015). Nutritional Screening and Assessment Tools for Cardiac Surgery and ICU. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V.R., Patel, V.B. (eds) Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_3

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-7837-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7836-2

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