Skip to main content

Semantic Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining

Synonyms

Microblog sentiment analysis; Twitter opinion mining

Sentiment Analysis:

This is text analysis aiming to determine the attitude of a speaker or a writer with respect to some topic or the overall contextual polarity of a piece of text.

Definition

Sentiment analysis on Twitter is the use of natural language processing techniques to identify and categorize opinions expressed in a tweet, in order to determine the author’s attitude toward a particular topic or in general. Typically, discrete labels such as positive, negative, neutral, and objective are used for this purpose, but it is also possible to use labels on an ordinal scale, or even continuous numerical values.

Introduction

Internet and the proliferation of smart mobile devices have changed the way information is created, shared, and spread, e.g., microblogs such as Twitter, weblogs such as LiveJournal, social networks such as Facebook, and instant messengers such as Skype and WhatsApp are now commonly used to share...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Baccianella S, Esuli A, Sebastiani F (2010) SentiWordNet 3.0: an enhanced lexical resource for sentiment analysis and opinion mining. In: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on language resources and evaluation, LREC ‘10 Valletta, Malta

    Google Scholar 

  • Balchev D, Kiprov Y, Koychev I, Nakov P (2016) PMI-cool at SemEval-2016 task 3: experiments with PMI and goodness polarity lexicons for community question answering. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval ‘16, San Diego, California, USA, pp 844–850

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbosa L, Feng J (2010) Robust sentiment detection on Twitter from biased and noisy data. In: Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on computational linguistics, COLING ‘10, Beijing, China, pp 36–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Bifet A, Holmes G, Pfahringer B, Gavalda R (2011) Detecting sentiment change in Twitter streaming data. J Mach Learn Res, Proceedings Track vol 17, pp 5–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollen J, Mao H, Zeng XJ (2011) Twitter mood predicts the stock market. J Comput Sci 2(1):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borge-Holthoefer J, Magdy W, Darwish K, Weber I (2015) Content and network dynamics behind Egyptian political polarization on Twitter. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work and social computing, CSCW ‘15, Vancouver, Canada, pp 700–711

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton S, Soboleva A (2011) Interactive or reactive? Marketing with twitter. J Consum Mark 28(7):491–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Church KW, Hanks P (1990) Word association norms, mutual information, and lexicography. Comput Linguist 16(1):22–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Das SR, Chen MY (2007) Yahoo! For Amazon: sentiment extraction from small talk on the web. Manag Sci 53(9):1375–1388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidov D, Tsur O, Rappoport A (2010a) Enhanced sentiment learning using Twitter hashtags and smileys. In: Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on computational linguistics: posters, COLING ‘10, Beijing, China, pp 241–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidov D, Tsur O, Rappoport A (2010b) Semi-supervised recognition of sarcastic sentences in Twitter and Amazon. In: Proceedings of the fourteenth conference on computational natural language learning, CoNLL ‘10, Uppsala, Sweden, pp 107–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Deriu J, Gonzenbach M, Uzdilli F, Lucchi A, De Luca V, Jaggi M (2016) SwissCheese at SemEval-2016 task 4: sentiment classification using an ensemble of convolutional neural networks with distant supervision. In: Proceedings of the 10th international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ‘16, San Diego, California, USA, pp 1124–1128

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodds PS, Harris KD, Kloumann IM, Bliss CA, Danforth CM (2011) Temporal patterns of happiness and information in a global social network: Hedonometrics and twitter. PLoS One 6(12)

    Google Scholar 

  • Esuli A, Sebastiani F (2006) SENTIWORDNET: a publicly available lexical resource for opinion mining. In: Proceedings of the international conference on language resources and evaluation, LREC ‘06, Genoa, Italy, pp 417–422

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman G (2008) Quantifying counts and costs via classification. Data Min Knowl Disc 17(2):164–206

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Gao W, Sebastiani F (2015) Tweet sentiment: from classification to quantification. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on advances in social network analysis and mining, ASONAM ‘15, Paris, France, pp 97–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh A, Li G, Veale T, Rosso P, Shutova E, Barnden J, Reyes A (2015) SemEval-2015 task 11: sentiment analysis of figurative language in Twitter. In: Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ‘15, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp 470–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Gimpel K, Schneider N, O’Connor B, Das D, Mills D, Eisenstein J, Heilman M, Yogatama D, Flanigan J, Smith NA (2011) Part-of-speech tagging for Twitter: annotation, features, and experiments. In: Proceedings of the 49th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies, ACL-HLT ‘11, Portland, Oregon, USA, pp 42–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu M, Liu B (2004) Mining and summarizing customer reviews. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, KDD ‘04, Seattle, Washington, USA, pp 168–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen B, Zhang M, Sobel K, Chowdury A (2009) Twitter power: tweets as electronic word of mouth. J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol 60(11):2169–2188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Java A, Song X, Finin T, Tseng B (2007) Why we twitter: understanding microblogging usage and communities. In: Proceedings of the 9th WebKDD and 1st SNA-KDD 2007 workshop on web mining and social network analysis, pp 56–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Jovanoski D, Pachovski V, Nakov P (2016) On the impact of seed words on sentiment polarity lexicon induction. In: Proceedings of the 26th international conference on computational linguistics, COLING ‘16 Osaka, Japan

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaya M, Fidan G, Toroslu IH (2013) Transfer learning using Twitter data for improving sentiment classification of Turkish political news. In: Proceedings of the 28th international symposium on computer and information sciences, ISCIS ‘13, Paris, France, pp 139–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiritchenko S, Zhu X, Mohammad SM (2014) Sentiment analysis of short informal texts. J Artif Intell Res 50:723–762

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiritchenko S, Mohammad SM, Salameh M (2016) SemEval-2016 task 7: determining sentiment intensity of English and Arabic phrases. In: Proceedings of the 10th international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ‘16 San Diego, California, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Kong L, Schneider N, Swayamdipta S, Bhatia A, Dyer C, Smith NA (2014) A dependency parser for tweets. In: Proceedings of the 2014 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing, EMNLP ‘14, Doha, Qatar, pp 1001–1012

    Google Scholar 

  • Kouloumpis E, Wilson T, Moore J (2011) Twitter sentiment analysis: the good the bad and the OMG! In: Proceedings of the fifth international conference on weblogs and social media, ICWSM ‘11, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, pp 538–541

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwak H, Lee C, Park H, Moon S (2010) What is Twitter, a social network or a news media? In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW ‘10, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, pp 591–600

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu B, Zhang L (2012) A survey of opinion mining and sentiment analysis. In: Aggarwal CC, Zhai C (eds) Mining text data. Springer, New York, pp 415–463

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Marchetti-Bowick M, Chambers N (2012) Learning for microblogs with distant supervision: political forecasting with Twitter. In: Proceedings of the 13th conference of the European chapter of the association for computational linguistics, EACL ‘12, Avignon, France, pp 603–612

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihalcea R, Banea C, Wiebe J (2007) Learning multilingual subjective language via crosslingual projections. In: Proceedings of the 45th annual meeting of the association of computational linguistics, ACL ‘07, Prague, Czech Republic, pp 976–983

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihaylov T, Nakov P (2016) Hunting for troll comments in news community forums. In: Proceedings of the 54th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics, ACL ‘16, Berlin, Germany, pp 399–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihaylov T, Georgiev G, Nakov P (2015a) Finding opinion manipulation trolls in news community forums. In: Proceedings of the nineteenth conference on computational natural language learning, CoNLL ‘15, Beijing, China, pp 310–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihaylov T, Koychev I, Georgiev G, Nakov P (2015b) Exposing paid opinion manipulation trolls. In: Proceedings of the international conference recent advances in natural language processing, RANLP ‘15, Hissar, Bulgaria, pp 443–450

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammad, S (2012) #Emotional tweets. In: Proceedings of *SEM 2012: the first joint conference on lexical and computational semantics – volume 1: proceedings of the main conference and the shared task, *SEM ‘12, Montreal, Canada, pp 246–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammad S, Kiritchenko S, Zhu X (2013) NRC-Canada: building the state-of-the-art in sentiment analysis of tweets. In: Proceedings of the second Joint conference on lexical and computational semantics (*SEM), volume 2: proceedings of the seventh international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ‘13, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp 321–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammad SM, Kiritchenko S, Sobhani P, Zhu X, Cherry C (2016) SemEval-2016 task 6: detecting stance in tweets. In: Proceedings of the 10th international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ‘16, San Diego, California, USA, pp 31–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakov P, Rosenthal S., Kozareva Z, Stoyanov V, Ritter A, Wilson T (2013) SemEval-2013 task 2: sentiment analysis in Twitter. In: Proceedings of the second joint conference on lexical and computational semantics (*SEM), volume 2: proceedings of the seventh international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ’13, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp 312–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakov, P., Marquez L, Moschitti A, Magdy W, Mubarak H, Freihat AA, Glass J, Randeree B (2016a) SemEval-2016 task 3: community question answering. In: Proceedings of the 10th international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ’16, San Diego, California, USA, pp 525–545

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakov P, Rosenthal S, Kiritchenko S, Mohammad SM, Kozareva Z, Ritter A, Stoyanov V, Zhu X (2016b) Developing a successful SemEval task in sentiment analysis of twitter and other social media texts. Lang Resour Eval 50(1):35–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor B, Balasubramanyan R, Routledge B, Smith N (2010) From tweets to polls: linking text sentiment to public opinion time series. In: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on weblogs and social media, ICWSM ‘10, Washington, DC, USA, pp 122–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Owoputi O, Dyer C, Gimpel K, Schneider N (2012) Part-of-speech tagging for Twitter: word clusters and other advances. Tech. Rep. CMU-ML-12-107, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Pak A, Paroubek P (2010) Twitter based system: using Twitter for disambiguating sentiment ambiguous adjectives. In: Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ’10, Uppsala, Sweden, pp 436–439

    Google Scholar 

  • Pang B, Lee L (2005) Seeing stars: exploiting class relationships for sentiment categorization with respect to rating scales. In: Proceedings of the annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics, ACL ‘05, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, pp 115–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Pang B, Lee L (2008) Opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Foundation Trend Inform Retriev 2(1–2):1–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Pang B, Lee L, Vaithyanathan S (2002) Thumbs up?: sentiment classification using machine learning techniques. In: Proceedings of the conference on empirical methods in natural language processing, EMNLP ‘02, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, pp 79–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker JW, Francis ME, Booth RJ (2001) Linguistic inquiry and word count. Lawerence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah

    Google Scholar 

  • Pontiki M, Papageorgiou H, Galanis D, Androutsopoulos I, Pavlopoulos J, Manandhar S (2014) SemEval-2014 task 4: aspect based sentiment analysis. In: Proceedings of the 8th international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ’14, Dublin, Ireland, pp 27–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Pontiki M, Galanis D, Papageorgiou H, Manandhar S, Androutsopoulos I (2015) SemEval2015 task 12: aspect based sentiment analysis. In: Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ‘15, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp 486–495

    Google Scholar 

  • Pontiki M, Galanis D, Papageorgiou H, Androutsopoulos I, Manandhar S, AL-Smadi M, Al-Ayyoub M, Zhao Y, Qin B, De Clercq O, Hoste V, Apidianaki M, Tannier X, Loukachevitch N, Kotelnikov E, Bel N, Jimenez-Zafra SM, Eryigit G (2016) SemEval-2016 task 5: aspect based sentiment analysis. In: Proceedings of the 10th international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ’16, San Diego, California, USA, pp 19–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Qureshi MA, O’Riordan C, Pasi G (2013) Clustering with error estimation for monitoring reputation of companies on Twitter. In: Proceedings of the 9th Asia information retrieval societies conference, AIRS ‘13, Singapore, pp 170–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratkiewicz J, Conover M, Meiss M, Goncalves B, Patil S, Flammini A, Menczer F (2011) Truthy: mapping the spread of astroturf in microblog streams. In: Proceedings of the 20th international conference companion on World Wide Web, WWW ’11, Hyderabad, India, pp 249–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Raychev V, Nakov P (2009) Language-independent sentiment analysis using subjectivity and positional information. In: Proceedings of the international conference on recent advances in natural language processing, RANLP ’09, Borovets, Bulgaria, pp 360–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritter A, Clark S, Mausam EO (2011) Named entity recognition in tweets: an experimental study. In: Proceedings of the conference on empirical methods in natural language processing, EMNLP ’11, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, pp 1524–1534

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal S, Ritter A, Nakov P, Stoyanov V (2014) SemEval-2014 task 9: sentiment analysis in Twitter. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval ‘14, Dublin, Ireland, pp 73–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal S, Nakov P, Kiritchenko S, Mohammad S, Ritter A, Stoyanov V (2015) SemEval2015 task 10: sentiment analysis in Twitter. In: Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ‘15, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp 450–462

    Google Scholar 

  • Russo I, Caselli T, Strapparava C (2015) SemEval-2015 task 9: CLIPEval implicit polarity of events. In: Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ’15, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp 442–449

    Google Scholar 

  • dos Santos C, Gatti M (2014) Deep convolutional neural networks for sentiment analysis of short texts. In: Proceedings of the 25th international conference on computational linguistics, COLING ’14, Dublin, Ireland, pp 69–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Sebastiani F (2002) Machine learning in automated text categorization. ACM Comput Surv 34(1):1–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Severyn A, Moschitti A (2015a) On the automatic learning of sentiment lexicons. In: Proceedings of the 2015 conference of the north american chapter of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies, NAACL-HLT ‘15, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp 1397–1402

    Google Scholar 

  • Severyn A, Moschitti A (2015b) Twitter sentiment analysis with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 38th international ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in information retrieval, SIGIR ’15, Santiago, Chile, pp 959–962

    Google Scholar 

  • Socher R, Huval B, Manning CD, Ng AY (2012) Semantic compositionality through recursive matrix-vector spaces. In: Proceedings of the 2012 joint conference on empirical methods in natural language processing and computational natural language learning, EMNLPCoNLL ’12, Jeju Island, Korea, pp 1201–1211

    Google Scholar 

  • Socher R, Perelygin A, Wu J, Chuang J, Manning CD, Ng A, Potts C (2013) Recursive deep models for semantic compositionality over a sentiment treebank. In: Proceedings of the 2013 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing, EMNLP ’13. Seattle, Washington, USA, pp 1631–1642

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone PJ, Dunphy DC, Smith MS, Ogilvie DM (1966) The general inquirer: a computer approach to content analysis. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoyanov V, Cardie C (2008) Topic identification for fine-grained opinion analysis. In: Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on computational linguistics, COLING ’08, Manchester, United Kingdom, pp. 817–824

    Google Scholar 

  • Strapparava C, Mihalcea R (2007) SemEval-2007 task 14: affective text. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ’07, Prague, Czech Republic, pp 70–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang D, Wei F, Yang N, Zhou M, Liu T, Qin B (2014) Learning sentiment-specific word embedding for Twitter sentiment classification. In: Proceedings of the 52nd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics, ACL ’14, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, pp 1555–1565

    Google Scholar 

  • Tumasjan A, Sprenger T, Sandner P, Welpe I (2010) Predicting elections with Twitter: what 140 characters reveal about political sentiment. In: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on weblogs and social media, ICWSM ’10, Washington, DC, USA, pp 178–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Turney PD (2002) Thumbs up or thumbs down?: semantic orientation applied to unsupervised classification of reviews. In: Proceedings of the annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics, ACL ’02, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, pp 417–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Villena-Roman J, Lana-Serrano S, Martınez-Camara E, Cristobal JCG (2013) TASS workshop on sentiment analysis at SEPLN. Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural 50:37–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan X (2009) Co-training for cross-lingual sentiment classification. In: Proceedings of the joint conference of the 47th annual meeting of the ACL and the 4th international joint conference on natural language processing of the AFNLP, ACL-AFNLP ’09, Singapore, pp 235–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Liu Y, SUN C, Wang B, Wang X (2015) Predicting polarities of tweets by composing word embeddings with long short-term memory. In: Proceedings of the 53rd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics and the 7th international joint conference on natural language processing, ACL-IJCNLP ’15, Beijing, China, pp 1343–1353

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiebe J, Wilson T, Bruce R, Bell M, Martin M (2004) Learning subjective language. Comput Linguist 30(3):277–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiebe J, Wilson T, Cardie C (2005) Annotating expressions of opinions and emotions in language. Lang Resour Eval 39(2–3):165–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson T, Wiebe J, Hoffmann P (2005) Recognizing contextual polarity in phrase-level sentiment analysis. In: Proceedings of the conference on human language technology and empirical methods in natural language processing, HLT-EMNLP ’05, Vancouver, Canada, pp 347–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu X, Guo H, Mohammad SM, Kiritchenko S (2014a) An empirical study on the effect of negation words on sentiment. In: Proceedings of the annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics, ACL ’14, Baltimore, MD, USA, pp 304–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu X, Kiritchenko S, Mohammad SM (2014b) NRC-Canada-2014: detecting aspects and sentiment in customer reviews. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on semantic evaluation, SemEval ’14, Dublin, Ireland, pp 437–442

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Preslav Nakov .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this entry

Cite this entry

Nakov, P. (2017). Semantic Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data. In: Alhajj, R., Rokne, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7163-9_110167-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7163-9_110167-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-7163-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7163-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Computer SciencesReference Module Computer Science and Engineering

Publish with us

Policies and ethics