Definition
Poultry: Domestic birds such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese; in this entry, turkeys and chickens.
Microbiota: All of the microorganisms in a given environment; in this entry, the gastrointestinal tract of poultry.
Introduction
Our present knowledge of the microbiota of the poultry gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is considerable, but by no means complete. Metagenomic studies of the poultry GIT have been quite limited, with few studies gaining insight into gut microbial communities by random sequencing of their DNAs (Lu and Domingo 2008; Qu et al. 2008; Day et al. 2010). Assessments of the microbial community via targeted 16S rRNA gene inventories have been considerably more common, but additional studies applying newer technologies (i.e., next-generation sequencing) will improve assessments of microbial diversity from all gut compartments and provide data from larger numbers of animals (Kohl 2012). In this...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Beery JT, Hugdahl MB, Doyle MP. Colonization of gastrointestinal tracts of chicks by Campylobacter jejuni. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988;54:2365–70.
Day JM, Ballard LL, Duke MV, et al. Metagenomic analysis of the turkey gut RNA virus community. Virol J. 2010;7:313.
Farner DS. The hydrogen ion concentration in avian digestive tracts. Poult Sci. 1942;21:445–50.
Fuller R, Turvey A. Bacteria associated with the intestinal wall of the fowl (Gallus domesticus). J Appl Microbiol. 1971;34:617–22.
Gabriel I, Lessire M, Mallet S, et al. Microflora of the digestive tract: critical factors and consequences for poultry. World’s Poult Sci J. 2006;62:499–511.
Godoy-Vitorino F, Goldfarb KC, Karaoz U, et al. Comparative analyses of foregut and hindgut bacterial communities in hoatzins and cows. ISME J. 2012;6:531–41.
Kohl K. Diversity and function of the avian gut microbiota. J Comp Physiol B Biochem Syst Environ Physiol. 2012;182(5):591–602.
Li X, Swaggerty CL, Kogut MH, et al. Gene expression profiling of the local cecal response of genetic chicken lines that differ in their susceptibility to Campylobacter jejuni colonization. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e11827.
Lu J, Domingo JS. Turkey fecal microbial community structure and functional gene diversity revealed by 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequences. J Microbiol. 2008;46:469–77.
Lu J, Idris U, Harmon B, et al. Diversity and succession of the intestinal bacterial community of the maturing broiler chicken. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003;69:6816–24.
Mead GC. Bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of birds. Gastrointest Microbiol. 1997;2:216–40.
Qu A, Brulc JM, Wilson MK, et al. Comparative metagenomics reveals host specific metavirulomes and horizontal gene transfer elements in the chicken cecum microbiome. PLoS ONE. 2008;3:e2945.
Saengkerdsub S, Anderson RC, Wilkinson HH, et al. Identification and quantification of methanogenic archaea in adult chicken ceca. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73:353–6.
Sahin O, Morishita TY, Zhang Q. Campylobacter colonization in poultry: sources of infection and modes of transmission. Anim Health Res Rev/Conf Res Workers Anim Dis. 2002;3:95–105.
Salanitro J, Blake I, Muirehead P, et al. Bacteria isolated from the duodenum, ileum, and cecum of young chicks. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978;35:782–90.
Schoeni JL, Wong AC. Inhibition of Campylobacter jejuni colonization in chicks by defined competitive exclusion bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994;60:1191–7.
Scupham AJ. Succession in the intestinal microbiota of preadolescent turkeys. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2007;60:136–47.
Scupham A, Jones J, Rettedal E, et al. Antibiotic manipulation of intestinal microbiota to identify microbes associated with Campylobacter jejuni exclusion in poultry. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010;76:8026–32.
Sekelja M, Rud I, Knutsen SH, et al. Abrupt temporal fluctuations in chicken fecal microbiota explained by gastrointestinal origin. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012;78:2941–8.
Skanseng B, Kaldhusdal M, Moen B, et al. Prevention of intestinal Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broilers by combinations of in-feed organic acids. J Appl Microbiol. 2010;109:1265–73.
Svetoch EA, Stern NJ. Bacteriocins to control Campylobacter spp. in poultry – a review. Poult Sci. 2010;89:1763–8.
van der Wielen P, Keuzenkamp D, Lipman L, et al. Spatial and temporal variation of the intestinal bacterial community in commercially raised broiler chickens during growth. Microb Ecol. 2002;44:286–93.
Wagenaar JA, Mevius DJ, Havelaar AH. Campylobacter in primary animal production and control strategies to reduce the burden of human campylobacteriosis. Rev Sci Tech. 2006;25:581–94.
Wesley IV, Rostagno M, Hurd HS, et al. Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in market-weight turkeys on-farm and at slaughter. J Food Prot. 2009;72:43–8.
Young KT, Davis LM, Dirita VJ. Campylobacter jejuni: molecular biology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5:665–79.
Disclaimer
Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this entry
Cite this entry
Levine, U.Y., Stanton, T. (2013). Poultry Intestinal Microbiota: Animal Health and Food Safety Perspectives. In: Nelson, K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Metagenomics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6418-1_19-3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6418-1_19-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6418-1
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences