Definition of the Subject and Its Importance
Cooling is needed for two main fields of application. On the one hand, it is needed in buildings and other closed spaces, for example, vehicles, which are occupied by human beings. Cooling assures that occupants feel comfortable. On the other hand, in industrial and commercial applications, cooling is needed to cool commodities or processes. In a wider sense, cooling in buildings refers to both control of temperature and control of humidity. In the following, it is referred to as air-conditioning . Cooling of commodities or processes is referred to as refrigeration . Cooling in a thermodynamic sense means to withdraw heat. Any heat flux is always directed from a source of high temperature to a sink of lower temperature. Unless a natural heat sink is available – such as the ground or outside air – a thermodynamic cycle has to be employed in order to provide a low-temperature heat sink. Solar coolingmeans that...
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Abbreviations
- Air-conditioning:
-
Temperature and humidity control in buildings of each typology.
- Coefficient of performance (COP):
-
Factor which describes the ratio between useful and supplied energy.
- Cooling:
-
Removing of heat.
- Cost of saved primary energy:
-
Theoretical cost for 1 kWh of primary energy which is saved using an alternative system (e.g., driven by renewable energy sources) instead of a conventional one (only driven by fossil fuels or electricity from grid).
- Demonstration project:
-
Organized implementation of a novel approach which aims at assessing the merits of widespread use of the approach and at gaining practical experience.
- Primary energy saving:
-
Difference between the annual primary energy consumption of a conventional system which uses fossil fuels or electricity from grid and the annual primary energy consumption of a comparable system driven (partly) by renewable energy sources.
- Sorption:
-
Exothermic process which comprises adsorption (a liquid or gaseous substance is attached to the surface of a solid, porous material) and absorption (a liquid or gaseous substance is taken in by a liquid volume).
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Henning, HM. (2013). Solar Cooling Systems . In: Richter, C., Lincot, D., Gueymard, C.A. (eds) Solar Energy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5806-7_690
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