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Sustainable Food Production pp 152–173Cite as

Aquaculture and Renewable Energy Systems, Integration of

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Definition of the Subject

“Fisheries have rarely been sustainable.” This statement by Pauly et al. [5] was based on the recognition that this lack of sustainability was induced by a serial depletion of wild stocks worldwide. Causative for this trend is due to the improved fishing technology , geographical expansion, and exploitation of previously spurned species lower in the food web. In exchange, aquaculture was often either regarded to bridge the gap between supply and demand or, in contrast, even to exacerbate this scenario.

Since the 1970s, aquaculture production has grown quite rapidly and is by now one of the fastest growing aquatic food production sectors in the world [6]. Besides the rapid development of this sector, the wide-ranging decline in fisheries yields has been enhanced by an increase in public demand for aquatic products. With an annual share of more than 15% of total animal protein supplies, the production of captured fisheries and aquaculture plays a significant...

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Abbreviations

Aquaculture:

Following the definition of the FAO [1, 2], aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans, and aquatic plants with some sort of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, and protection from predators. Specifically, marine aquaculture, also called mariculture, concentrates on aquatic organisms cultivated in brackish or marine environments.

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM):

A process for the management of the coast using an integrated approach, regarding all aspects of the coastal zone, including geographical and political boundaries, in an attempt to achieve sustainability. The EU Commission [3] defines ICZM as a dynamic, multidisciplinary, and iterative process to promote sustainable management of coastal zones. It covers the full cycle of information collection, planning (in its broadest sense), decision making, management, and monitoring of implementation. ICZM uses the informed participation and cooperation of all stakeholders to assess the societal goals in a given coastal area, and to take actions towards meeting these objectives. ICZM seeks, over the long term, to balance environmental, economic, social, cultural, and recreational objectives, all within the limits set by the natural dynamics.

Mariculture:

See “aquaculture”.

Offshore aquaculture:

A culture operation in a frequently hostile open ocean environment exposed to all kinds of sea states as well as being placed far off the coast.

Offshore co-management:

A dynamic partnership using the capacities and interests of different stakeholder groups for managing cross-sectoral activities in cooperation with governmental authorities in the open sea.

Offshore wind farms:

A group of wind turbines in the same confined area used for production of electric power in the open ocean. Moving off the coast to the offshore, wind turbines are less obtrusive than turbines on land, as their apparent size and noise is mitigated by distance. Since water has less surface roughness than land (especially in deeper waters), the average wind speed is usually considerably higher over the open water. Therefore, the capacity factors are considerably higher than for onshore and nearshore locations [4].

Open ocean aquaculture:

See “Offshore aquaculture”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biological Sciences – Marine Aquaculture, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Bela H. Buck Prof. Dr. rer. nat.

  2. Marine Aquaculture for Sustainable Fisheries, Institute for Marine Resources (IMARE), Bussestrasse 27, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Bela H. Buck Prof. Dr. rer. nat.

  3. Maritime Technologies – Applied Marine Biology, University for Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Bela H. Buck Prof. Dr. rer. nat.

  4. Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Gesche Krause Dr. phil.

Authors
  1. Bela H. Buck Prof. Dr. rer. nat.
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  2. Gesche Krause Dr. phil.
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department de Produccio Vegetal i Ciencia Forestal, Universitat de Lleida/ICREA, Lleida, Spain

    Paul Christou

  2. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain

    Paul Christou

  3. Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain

    Roxana Savin

  4. University of New England, Marine Science Center, Biddeford, ME, USA

    Barry A. Costa-Pierce

  5. Department of Animal and Dairy Science Breeding and Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Ignacy Misztal

  6. The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Developmental Biology, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK

    C. Bruce A. Whitelaw

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Buck, B.H., Krause, G. (2013). Aquaculture and Renewable Energy Systems, Integration of. In: Christou, P., Savin, R., Costa-Pierce, B.A., Misztal, I., Whitelaw, C.B.A. (eds) Sustainable Food Production. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5797-8_180

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