Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

International Human Rights Standards and Community Sanctions

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice

  • 144 Accesses

Overview

In criminal justice, the question of the place of human rights often focuses on issues relating to imprisonment. However, imposing and enforcing community sanctions, such as probation, community work, or electronic monitoring, may also pose severe threats to the basic human rights of the offenders and their families. The rights potentially affected differ according to the sanction imposed and the stage of the criminal process – human dignity, privacy, and the presumption of innocence are examples of the rights that may be endangered. These rights are generally protected by binding international human rights law as expressed in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the European Convention on Human Rights. More specific international standards are set by recommendations and other instruments by international bodies. Questions arise, however, about the extent to which these standards are implemented and their impact monitored. These questions are becoming...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 4,350.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 4,999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Recommended Reading and References

  • Alston P (1994) Human rights in 1993: how far has the United Nations come and where should it go from here? In: Nowak M (ed) World conference on human rights. United Nations, Vienna. The Contribution of NGO’s. Reports and Documents. Vienna, June 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Alston P, Simma B (1989) The sources of human rights law: custom, jus cogens, and general principles. Aust Yearb Int Law 25:82–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen S (1985) Visions of social control: crime, punishment, and classification. Polity Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe (1992) Recommendation No. R (92) 16 of the committee of ministers to member states on the European rules on community sanctions and measures adopted by the committee of ministers on 19 Oct 1992 at the 482nd meeting of the ministers’ deputies

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe (1999) Recommendation No. R (99) 22 of the committee of ministers to member states concerning prison overcrowding and prison population inflation adopted by the committee of ministers on 30 Sep 1999 at the 681st meeting of the ministers’ deputies

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe (2000) Recommendation Rec (2000) 22 of the committee of ministers to member states on improving the implementation of the European rules on community sanctions and measures adopted by the committee of ministers on 29 Nov 2000 at the 731st meeting of the ministers’ deputies

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe (2003) Recommendation Rec (2003) 22 of the committee of ministers to member states on conditional release (Parole) adopted by the committee of ministers on 24 Sep 2003 at the 853rd meeting of the ministers’ deputies

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe (2010) Recommendation CM/Rec(2010) 1 of the committee of ministers to member states on the council of Europe probation rules adopted by the committee of ministers on 20 Jan 2010

    Google Scholar 

  • Durnescu I (2011) Pains of probation: effective practice and human rights. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 55:530–545

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson B, Ashworth A, Macdonald A (2007) Human rights and criminal justice. Sweet & Maxwell, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Flore D, Bosly S, Honhon A, Maggio J (eds) (2012) Probation measures and alternative sanctions in the European Union. Intersentia, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault M (1975) Surveillir et punir. La naissance de la prison. Gallimard, Paris (English version: discipline and punish: the birth of the prison, 1977. Pantheon, Harmondsworth)

    Google Scholar 

  • von Hirsch A (1990) The ethics of community-based sanctions. Crime Delinq 36:162–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Hucklesby A (2011) Bail support schemes for adults. The Policy Press, Bristol

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey J (1973) Foreword. In: Lillich R (ed) Humanitarian intervention and the United Nations. University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville

    Google Scholar 

  • International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation (1988) The standards minimum rules for the implementation of non-custodial measures involving the restriction of liberty (the Groningen rules). IPPF, Groningen

    Google Scholar 

  • van Kalmthout A, Durnescu I (2008) European probation service systems: a comparative overview. In: van Kalmthout A, Durnescu I (eds) Probation in Europe. Wolf Legal, Nijmegen

    Google Scholar 

  • Meron T (1989) Human rights and humanitarian norms as customary law. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeill F (2013) Community sanctions and European penology. In: Daems T, Snacken S, van Zyl Smit D (eds) European penology? Hart Publishing, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgenstern C (2002) Internationale mindeststandards für ambulante strafen und maßnahmen. Forum Verlag Godesberg, Mönchengladbach

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgenstern C (2009) European initiatives for harmonisation and minimum standards in the field of community sanctions and measures. Eur J Probat 1:128–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgenstern C (2010) The requirement of the offender’s consent to community service. In: Groenhuijsen M, Kooijmans T, de Roos T (eds) Fervet opus. Liber amicorum Anton van Kalmthout. MAKLU, Apeldoorn, pp 151–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgenstern C (2011) Estándares europeos sobre penas y medidas comunitarias. In: Larrauri E, Blay E (eds) Penas comunitarias en Europa. Trotta, Madrid

    Google Scholar 

  • Padfield N, van Zyl Smit D, Dünkel F (eds) (2010) Release from prison. European policy and practice. Willan Publishing, Cullompton

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson G (2008) Late-modern rehabilitation. Punishment Soc 10:429–445

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks R, McNeill F (2010) Incarceration, social control and human rights. In: The International Council of Human Rights Policy (ed) Social control and human rights. ICHRP, Geneva. Research paper

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (1990) United Nations standard minimum rules for non-custodial measures (The Tokyo rules) adopted by general assembly resolution 45/110 of 14 Dec 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2007) Handbook of basic principles and promising practices on alternatives to imprisonment. United Nations, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • van Zyl Smit D (1993) Legal standards and the limits of community sanctions. Eur J Crime, Crim Law Crim Justice 1:309–331

    Google Scholar 

  • van Zyl Smit D (2006) Humanising imprisonment: a European project? Eur J Crim Policy Res 12:107–120

    Google Scholar 

  • van Zyl Smit D (2012) Non-custodial sanctions and European human rights law. In: Roberts J, Zedner L (eds) Principles and values in criminal law and criminal justice: essays in honour of Andrew Ashworth. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 191–208

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

    Christine Morgenstern

  2. University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK

    Dirk van Zyl Smit

Authors
  1. Christine Morgenstern
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dirk van Zyl Smit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christine Morgenstern .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Gerben Bruinsma

  2. VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Gerben Bruinsma

  3. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA

    David Weisburd

  4. Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel

    David Weisburd

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Morgenstern, C., van Zyl Smit, D. (2014). International Human Rights Standards and Community Sanctions. In: Bruinsma, G., Weisburd, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_562

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_562

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5689-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5690-2

  • eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation