Key Concept and Definitions of Terms
Basic Ideas
The notion of an “innovation system” builds on the observation that in the modern economy, innovations are not rare acts of individual creativity, but ubiquitous and the outcome of interaction among individuals and organizations. It views innovation as processes over time rather than as isolated events, which can be uniquely dated. The notion of an innovation system usually also includes the idea of ongoing innovation as being rooted in different kinds of “learning relationships” between users and producers, between people with different type of competences, between different departments in the firms, and so on. Learning is always, in some sense, interactive and, hence, innovation is...
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Johnson, B., Lundvall, BÅ. (2013). National Innovation Systems (NIS). In: Carayannis, E.G. (eds) Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_458
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