Introduction
Innovation, the application of creativity to realize new value, can be applied to products, services, processes, business models, and more. It can be practiced systematically or selectively by individuals, teams, organizations, communities, cities, and societies. This entry is primarily concerned with innovation at the organizational level.
That innovation comes in different shapes and forms is highlighted by the list of 50 most innovative companies published in Businessweek for 2010 and compiled by the Boston Consulting Group(1). Quite clearly, innovation in IBM is very different from that of Apple and Google (all in the top 10), and Volkswagen, Toyota, BMW, Tata Group, Coca Cola, the Virgin Group, and Procter & Gamble (all in the top 25) innovate in a wide variety of ways.
While organizations approach innovation in many different ways depending on the characteristics of the industry, the business environment, company history, leadership style, and much more, it is safe...
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Michaelides, D. (2013). Art of Innovation: A Model for Organizational Creativity. In: Carayannis, E.G. (eds) Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_31
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