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Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship pp 354–360Cite as

Creative Thinking Training

  • Reference work entry

  • 197 Accesses

Synonyms

Creative problem solving training; Creative thinking education; Innovation training

Introduction

Kirkpatrick (1967) noted four levels of evaluation of training:

  • Level 1: Reaction. How well did the participants like the program?

  • Level 2: Learning. What principles, facts, and techniques were learned?

  • Level 3: Behavior. What changes in job behavior resulted from the program?

  • Level 4: Results. What were the tangible results of the program in terms of reduced cost, improved quality, improved quantity, etc.?

Impact research focused on creative thinking and creative problem solving (CPS) programs details levels two and three, plus less common level four, evaluation (Firestien 1990; Firestien and McCowan 1988; Keller-Mathers 1990; Miller 1992; Neilson 1990; Puccio et al. 2006; Reid 1997; Vehar 1994; Vehar et al. 2000). In addition to published research, there are unpublished proprietary impact studies for companies ranging from large publishing companies to large consulting firms.

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References

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  • Firestien RL. Leading on the creative edge: gaining competitive advantage through the power of creative problem solving. Colorado Springs: Pinon; 1996.

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  • Firestien RL, McCowan RJ. Creative problem solving and communication behaviors in small groups. Creativ Res J. 1988;1:106–14.

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  • Keller-Mathers S. Impact of creative problem solving training on participants’ personal and professional lives: a replication and extension. Unpublished Masters Project, Center for Studies in Creativity, State University College at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; 1990.

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  • Miller BJ. The use of outdoor-based training initiatives to enhance the understanding of creative problem solving. Unpublished Masters Project, Center for Studies in Creativity, State University College at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; 1992.

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  • Neilson L. Impact of creative problem solving training: an in-depth evaluation of a six-day course in creative problem solving. Unpublished Masters Project, Center for Studies in Creativity, State University College at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; 1990.

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  • Vehar JR. An impact study to improve a five-day course in facilitating creative problem solving. Unpublished Masters Project, Center for Studies in Creativity, State University College at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; 1994.

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  • Vehar JR, Doebler C, Eckert RP. Innovation training as profit center? Yes! A 750 % return on investment. Unpublished manuscript; available at: http://www.newandimproved.com/roi/ (2000). Accessed October 8, 2012.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Blair Miller Innovation, Evanston, IL, USA

    Dr. Blair Miller

  2. Center for Creative Leadership, 1 Leadership Place, Greensboro, NC, 27410, USA

    Dr. Jonathan Vehar

  3. Innovation Resources Inc., Buffalo, NY, USA

    Dr. Roger Firestien Ph.D.

  4. New & Improved, LLC, 9306 State Route 30, Paul Smiths, NY, 12970, USA

    Dr. Robert P. Eckert

Authors
  1. Dr. Blair Miller
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  2. Dr. Jonathan Vehar
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  3. Dr. Roger Firestien Ph.D.
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  4. Dr. Robert P. Eckert
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Blair Miller .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Systems & Technology, Management, School of Business, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Elias G. Carayannis

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Miller, B., Vehar, J., Firestien, R., Eckert, R.P. (2013). Creative Thinking Training. In: Carayannis, E.G. (eds) Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_11

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