Abstract
Biosensors are vitally important in various biochemical applications, and their sensing performance directly affects whether the biodetection system can rapidly acquire accurate analytical data. With the assistance of molecular recognition, the integration of microfluidics and optics, and the improvement of bioprobe technology, fluorescent-based optical imaging sensors are widely used in cell analysis, immunoassays, and molecular diagnostics, playing an important role in the fields of disease diagnosis, food safety monitoring, and environmental monitoring. There are two kinds of fluorescent materials: downconversion materials and upconversion materials. Downconversion materials are easy to prepare and have high fluorescent intensity and low toxicity, but a strong autofluorescence will affect the emission fluorescence. Although upconversion materials are difficult to prepare, they possess superior physicochemical features, such as a low autofluorescence background and high resistance to photobleaching. This chapter aims at introducing biosensors made of different materials, discussing their advantages and limitations, and reviewing their applications. Then, we introduce the structure and principle of fluorescence-based lateral-flow immunoassay biochip and review its applications in multiple detection. In addition, we introduce some biological applications that combine smartphones and these optical biosensors to improve the flexibility and speed of detection. Finally, some future prospects and challenges regarding this rapidly developing technology are presented.
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Zhao, W., Huang, L., Liu, K., Guo, J., Guo, J. (2022). Optical Biosensors. In: Sawan, M. (eds) Handbook of Biochips. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3447-4_51
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3447-4_51
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