Abstract
This chapter aims at highlighting and commenting on the views and positions assumed, directly or indirectly, by the Brazilian government authorities and representatives, as well as by Brazilian and foreign researchers, concerning the most relevant contemporary questions related to outer space security, the sustainability and stability of space activities, and the peaceful use of outer space. The following crucial issues are discussed: the definition of outer space security, the outer space weaponization, the Code of Conduct for space activities proposed by the European Union, the right of self-defense in outer space, and transparency and confidence-building measures (TCBMs) in space activities.
Peace and development will have to be increasingly global – or simply will not happen.
Celso Amorim (2011)
former Brazilian Minister of External
Relations and today
Minister of Defense
A paz e o desenvolvimento cada vez mais terão de ser globais – ou simplesmente não serão.
Amorim C (2011)
Conversas com jovens diplomatas (Conversations
with young diplomats). Benvirá, São Paulo, p 275
(in Portuguese)
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
See the integral text in English of the new Brazilian National Program of Space Activities (PNAE 2012–2021) in the site www.abe.gov.br, with the presentation of the Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation, Marco Antonio Raupp, and the introduction of the President of the Brazilian Space Agency, José Raimundo Braga Coelho.
- 2.
Letter dated 12 Feb 2008 from the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation and the Permanent Representative of China to the Conference on Disarmament addressed to the Secretary-General of the Conference transmitting the Russian and Chinese texts of the draft “Treaty on Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and of the Threat or Force Against Outer Space Objects (PPWT)” introduced by the Russian Federation and China (CD/1839, 29 Feb 2008).
- 3.
Charter of United Nations, Article 2: “The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles. 1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members....” Harold Brown, former US Secretary of Defense (1977–1981), defines national security for all States as “the ability to preserve the nation’s physical integrity and territory; to maintain its economic relations with the rest of the world on reasonable terms; to preserve its nature, institution, and governance from disruption from outside; and to control its borders.” See his 1983 work “Thinking about national security: defense and foreign policy in a dangerous world,” as quoted in Watson, Cynthia Ann (2008), U.S. national security: a reference handbook; Contemporary world issues; ABC-CLIO, p. 281. ISBN 978-1-59884-041-4.
- 4.
Letter dated 1 Sept 2011, from the president of the Conference on Disarmament addressed to the Secretary-General of the conference transmitting the reports of the five coordinators submitted to the president of the conference on the work done during the 2011 session on agenda items 1 to 7. According to CD/WP.565/Rev.1 (CD/1907), the informal meeting on agenda item 3 was chaired and coordinated by a Brazilian representative (Document CD/1918).
- 5.
The phrase “Military-Industrial Complex” was immortalized by outgoing United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower in his 17 Jan 1961 farewell address to the nation. In his speech, he considers the military-industrial complex as a warning to the American people – to not let this establishment begin to dictate America’s actions at home or abroad.
References
Amorim C (2011) Conversas com jovens diplomatas (Talks to young diplomats). Benvirá, São Paulo (in Portuguese)
Annals of the International Geophysical Year, 1957–1958, Collected works. Issued by the International Council of Scientific Unions. Pergamon, London: QC801.3.S6.
Arbatov A, Dvorkin V (eds) (2010) Outer space – weapons, diplomacy, and security. Carnegie Endowment, Washington, DC
Aron R (2002) Paz e guerra entre as nações [Peace and war between nations]. Universidade de Brasília, Sao Paulo (in Portuguese)
Baseley-Walker B (2010) Current international space security initiatives. In: Rathgeber W, Schrogl KU, Williamson RA (eds) The fair and responsible use of space. Springer, Wien, p 120
Bobbio N (2003) O problema da guerra e as vias da paz (Il problema dell guerra e le vie della pace, 1997 – the problem of war and the paths of peace). Editora Unesp, Sao Paulo (in Portuguese)
Brazil Relishes Freedom as MCTR Member. Space News, 30 Oct 1995, pp 1, 20. Information quoted by Bowen WQ, in his report on Brazil’s Accession to the MTCR, The Nonproliferation Review/Spring-Summer 1996.
Cardoso FH (1995) Space for peace not war, defense news, p 32. Information quoted by Bowen WQ, in his report on Brazil’s Accession to the MTCR, The Nonproliferation Review/Spring-Summer 1996.
Casella PB (2008) Fundamentos do Direito Internacional Pós-Moderno [Fundaments of postmodern international law]. Quartier Latin do Brasil, Sao Paulo (in Portuguese)
Doyle SE (1993) Civil space systems – implications for international security, UN Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Falk RA (2004) The declining world order – America’s imperial geopolitics. Routledge, New York
Gallagher N (2005) Towards a reconsideration of the rules for space security. In: Logsdon JM, Schaffer AM (eds) Perspectives on space security. Space Policy Institute, Security Policy Studies Program, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
Galloway E (1998) The United States and the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, proceedings from the 40th colloquium on the law of outer space, p 18.
http://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/66/BR_en_0.pdf
Harding RC (2013) Space policy in developing countries – the search for security and development on the final frontier. Routledge, New York
Hinde R, Rotblat J (2003) War no more – eliminating conflict in the nuclear age; Foreword by McNamara RS, Pluto Press, London
Hitchens T (2011) Transparency and confidence-building in outer space – inching toward action, published by the Federation of American Scientists.
Hobe S, Schmitd-Tedd B, Schrogl KU, Goh GM (Assistant ed) (eds) (2009) Cologne commentary on space law, vol 1, outer space treaty. Carl Heymanns Verlag, Köln
Jornal do Brasil, newspaper published in Rio de Janeiro, 6 Oct 1995, p 4. Information quoted by Bowen WQ, in his report on Brazil’s Accession to the MTCR, The Nonproliferation Review/Spring-Summer 1996.
Kelson H (1944) Peace through law. The University of North Caroline Press, Chapel Hill
Kennedy D (2006) Of war and law. Princeton University Press, Princeton
La humanidad amenazada: governar los riesgos globales (Humanity endangered: governing global risks), editado por Daniel Innerarity y Javier Solana, España (Spain) Paidós, 2011
Lachs M (1989) Le monde de la pensèe em droit international – Theories et pratique. Economica, Paris
Lachs M (2010) Masson-Zwaan T, Hobe S (eds) The law of outer space – an experience in contemporary law-making; Reissued on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the international institute of space law. Martinus Nijhoff, Amsterdam
Law No. 8,854 of 10 Feb 1994, Brazilian Federal Register
Logsdon JM, Schaffer AM (eds) (2005) Perspectives on space security. Space Policy Institute, Security Policy Studies Program, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
Lyall F, Larsen PB (2009) Space law – a treatise. Ashgate, Surrey/Burlington
Malone DM, Yuen Foong Khong (eds) (2003) Unilateralism & U.S. foreign policy – international perspectives. Lyne Rienner, Boulder
Mason P (2006) Foreword to the Detlev Woter’s book Common Security in Outer Space and International Law, published by United Nations Institute Research (UNIDIR), p XVI.
Miller LH (1994) Global order – values and power in international politics. Westview Press, Boulder
Moltz JC (2011) The politics of space security – strategic restraint and the pursuit of national interest, 2nd edn. Stanford University Press, Stanford
Monserrat Filho J (2007) Direito e Política na Era Espacial – Podemos ser mais justos no espaço do que na Terra (Law and policy in space age – can we be fairer in outer space than on earth?). Vieira & Lent, Rio de Janeiro (in Portuguese)
More RF (2006) Direito Internacional do Desarmamento – O Estado, a ONU e a Paz [International law of disarmament – state, United Nations and peace]. Lex Editora, São Paulo (in Portuguese)
Morgenthau HJ (1985) Politics among nations – the struggle for power and peace, 6th edn, Revised by Thompson KW. Alfred A. Knopf, New York
National Paper of Brazil, Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE III), 1 July 1999, Document A/CONF 184/NP/14
National Space Policy of the United States of America, 28 June 2010. See its integral text: www.nasa.gov/offices/olia/policydocs/index.html
Pace S (2012) Strengthening space security – advancing US interests in outer space. Harv Int Rev 58
Programa Nacional de Atividades Espaciais– PNAE2005 – 2014; edition in Portuguese; Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, Agência Espacial Brasileira, 2005, p 114.
Rathgeber W, Schrogl KU, Williamson RA (eds) (2010) The fair and responsible use of space. Springer, Wien
Rodin D (2002) War & self-defense. Oxford University Press, New York
Schoenbaum TJ (2006) International relations – the path not taken; using international law to promote world peace and security. Cambridge University Press, New York
Soares GFS (2003) Legitimidade de uma guerra preventiva em pleno 2003? (Legitimacy of a preventive war in 2003?). J Pol Externa (Foreign Policy) 12(1):27 (in Portuguese).
Stiglitz J, Bilmes L (2009) The three trillion dollar war – the true cost of the Iraq conflict. Penguin, New York
The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies – report of the Secretary-General, United Nations, Security Council, S/2004/616, 23 Aug 2004.
Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water. See its integral text in http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/ltbt1.html#2
Trindade AAC (2006) A humanização do direito Internacional [The humanization of international law]. Ed. Del Rey, Belo Horizonte (in Portuguese)
Uri R, Pfaltzgraff RL Jr (eds) (1984) International security dimensions of space. Archon Books, New York
Vasiliev VL (2010) Deputy Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, speaking on The value of transparency and confidence-building measures– next steps, at the UNIDIR Conference on Space Security 2010, Geneva, 29 March 2010. Document: pdf-conf681-1.
Weinberger C, Schweizer P (1996) The next war, Foreword by Lady Margareth Thatcher. Regnery, Washington, DC
Wolter D (1998) Common security in outer space and international law. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), UNIDIR/2005/29. Geneva
Wolter D (2005) Common security in outer space and international law, UN Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), UNIDIR/2005/29, Geneva
Internet links
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this entry
Cite this entry
Monserrat Filho, J. (2015). Brazilian Perspective on Space Security. In: Schrogl, KU., Hays, P., Robinson, J., Moura, D., Giannopapa, C. (eds) Handbook of Space Security. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2029-3_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2029-3_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-2028-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-2029-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering